Table 1.

Causes of male hypogonadism

Primary hypogonadism	Secondary hypogonadism	Mixed (primary and secondary) hypogonadism*
Congenital anorchidism, cryptorchidism, mumps orchitis Genetic and developmental conditions: Klinefelter syndrome, androgen receptor and enzyme Defects, Sertoli cell only syndrome Radiation treatment ⁄ chemotherapy Testicular trauma autoimmune syndromes (anti-Leydig cell disorders)	Genetic conditions: Kallmann’s syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome Pituitary tumours, granulomas, abscesses Hyperprolactinaemia cranial trauma Radiation treatment Various medications	Alcohol abuse ageing chronic infections (HIV) corticosteroid treatment Haemochromatosis systemic disease (liver failure, uraemia, sickle-cell disease) *Mixed hypogonadism is often included within the secondary hypogonadism category.