Table 3.
Crude and multivariable-adjusted prevalence ratios for exclusive breastfeeding under 6 months associated with caesarean versus vaginal births
| Country | Year of DHS | Sample size | Unadjusted PR (95% CI) |
Adjusted PR* (95% CI) |
| Ethiopia | 2016 | 1081 | 0.87 (0.55 to 1.37) | 0.80 (0.50 to 1.26) |
| Namibia | 2013 | 517 | 0.88 (0.66 to 1.19) | 0.90 (0.66 to 1.22) |
| Burkina Faso | 2010 | 1433 | 1.01 (0.48 to 2.14) | 0.95 (0.46 to 1.95) |
| Burundi | 2016–2017 | 1213 | 0.95 (0.84 to 1.08) | 0.97 (0.86 to 1.09) |
| Togo | 2013–2014 | 589 | 1.24 (0.99 to 1.55) | 1.10 (0.88 to 1.38) |
| Benin | 2017–2018 | 1339 | 0.99 (0.69 to 1.42) | 1.01 (0.73 to 1.39) |
| Cameroon | 2011 | 1094 | 2.18 (1.37 to 3.47) | 1.64 (1.06 to 2.52) |
| Comoros | 2012 | 318 | 1.13 (0.40 to 3.19) | 1.29 (0.49 to 3.35) |
| Congo Bra | 2011–2012 | 934 | 0.78 (0.34 to 1.80) | 1.02 (0.38 to 2.78) |
| Congo DR | 2013–2014 | 1895 | 0.88 (0.60 to 1.29) | 0.75 (0.51 to 1.11) |
| Cote d'Ivoire | 2011–2012 | 760 | 2.51 (1.03 to 6.09) | 1.93 (0.46 to 8.10) |
| Gabon | 2012 | 621 | 1.05 (0.20 to 5.55) | 1.10 (0.15 to 8.05) |
| Senegal | 2010–2011 | 1308 | 1.18 (0.79 to 1.78) | 1.14 (0.75 to 1.71) |
| Gambia | 2013 | 939 | 0.80 (0.37 to 1.72) | 0.84 (0.39 to 1.79) |
| Ghana | 2014 | 598 | 0.98 (0.72 to 1.32) | 1.01 (0.74 to 1.37) |
| Guinea | 2012 | 701 | 0.98 (0.23 to 4.13) | 0.67 (0.19 to 2.45) |
| Liberia | 2013 | 708 | 1.36 (1.01 to 1.84) | 1.46 (1.09 to 1.97) |
| Mali | 2012–2013 | 984 | 1.51 (1.01 to 2.25) | 1.53 (1.02 to 2.31) |
| Mozambique | 2011 | 1025 | 0.91 (0.57 to 1.45) | 0.84 (0.54 to 1.30) |
| Niger | 2012 | 1281 | 0.83 (0.30 to 2.24) | 0.69 (0.24 to 1.92) |
| Nigeria | 2013 | 2881 | 1.69 (1.02 to 2.82) | 0.77 (0.48 to 1.26) |
| Rwanda | 2014–2015 | 690 | 0.91 (0.81 to 1.01) | 0.92 (0.82 to 1.02) |
| Sierra Leone | 2013 | 1095 | 1.11 (0.68 to 1.82) | 1.30 (0.85 to 1.99) |
| Zambia | 2014–2015 | 1170 | 0.84 (0.65 to 1.09) | 0.89 (0.68 to 1.17) |
| Angola | 2015–2016 | 1588 | 0.65 (0.36 to 1.18) | 0.58 (0.34 to 0.98) |
| Tanzania | 2015–2016 | 997 | 0.80 (0.58 to 1.09) | 0.76 (0.55 to 1.07) |
| Zimbabwe | 2015 | 590 | 0.95 (0.61 to 1.47) | 1.09 (0.73 to 1.64) |
| Malawi | 2015–2016 | 1605 | 1.20 (1.03 to 1.39) | 1.16 (0.99 to 1.37) |
| Lesotho | 2014 | 322 | 0.96 (0.68 to 1.34) | 1.10 (0.85 to 1.44) |
| Kenya | 2014 | 845 | 0.79 (0.55 to 1.13) | 0.73 (0.53 to 1.00) |
| Uganda | 2016 | 1459 | 0.91 (0.75 to 1.10) | 0.90 (0.75 to 1.09) |
| South Africa | 2016 | 339 | 0.69 (0.42 to 1.13) | 0.76 (0.49 to 1.19) |
*Adjusted for pregnancy planning, birth weight, region of residence, sex of child, mother’s age at birth, mother’s education, number of antenatal visits, birth order, maternal tobacco use, place of delivery, types of residence (rural/urban), distance to health facility, mother’s occupation and household wealth.
Congo Bra, Congo-Brazzaville; Congo DR, Democratic republic of the Congo; DHS, Demographic and Health Surveys; PR, prevalence ratio.