Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the participants N=2647
| Variable | Total (n=2647) |
Male (n=1474) |
Female (n=1173) |
p‡ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 46.42±11.74 | 47.19±11.22 | 45.45±12.30 | <0.001*** |
| Anthropometric Index | ||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.83±3.16 | 24.65±2.91 | 22.79±3.16 | <0.001*** |
| WC (cm) | 82.97±9.12 | 86.67±7.83 | 78.31±8.48 | <0.001*** |
| ABSI ×100 | 7.77±0.43 | 7.81±0.35 | 7.72±0.50 | <0.001*** |
| BRI | 3.35±0.97 | 3.46±0.86 | 3.23±1.08 | <0.001*** |
| VAI | 1.45±1.41 | 1.61±1.43 | 1.24±1.36 | <0.001*** |
| Biochemical Markers | ||||
| TC (mg/dL) | 190.95±36.30 | 194.03±36.03 | 187.28±34.94 | <0.001*** |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.24±0.87 | 1.46±0.97 | 0.91±0.48 | <0.001*** |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.47±0.40 | 1.34±0.35 | 1.64±0.39 | <0.001*** |
| AST | 22.48±11.91 | 24.63±13.30 | 19.79±9.22 | <0.001*** |
| BUN | 12.74±4.21 | 13.36±4.48 | 11.97±3.70 | <0.001*** |
| Cr | 0.80±0.38 | 0.92±0.46 | 0.65±0.12 | <0.001*** |
| Glu (mg/dL) | 90.12±20.11 | 92.80±23.15 | 86.75±14.81 | <0.001*** |
| Uric acid | 5.19±1.44 | 5.95±1.30 | 4.25±0.97 | <0.001*** |
| CRP | 0.12±0.36 | 0.13±0.31 | 0.11±0.42 | 0.297 |
| Mean ba-PWV | 1300.53±209.61 | 1345.30±187.39 | 1244.27±222.20 | <0.001*** |
| SBP (mmHg) | 120.82±15.66 | 124.66±14.77 | 116.00±15.43 | <0.001*** |
| DBP (mmHg) | 74.28±10.76 | 77.05±10.44 | 70.79±10.12 | <0.001*** |
| HR (bpm) | 72.95±10.50 | 71.84±10.23 | 74.35±10.67 | <0.001*** |
| Disease Historya | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 4.3 | 5.1 | 3.4 | 0.35 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 13.1 | 15.9 | 9.5 | <0.001*** |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 10.2 | 11.3 | 8.7 | 0.26 |
| Health-related Behavior | ||||
| Smokingb, n (%)b | 43.4 | 72.9 | 6.5 | <0.001*** |
| Drinkingc, n (%)c | 47.8 | 63.5 | 28.1 | <0.001*** |
| Inactivityd, n (%)d | 80.2 | 79.3 | 81.4 | 0.176 |
Notes: ***p<0.001. Values are presented as mean ± SD or number (percentage). ‡The p-value was calculated using t and χ2 tests. aDisease history based on medication or the physician’s diagnosis. bNon-smokers, never smoked; smokers, have smoked. cModerate drinking (≥14 g/day of alcohol for women and ≥24 g/day of alcohol for men). dInactivity, did not perform moderate-intensity exercise at least 30 min.
Abbreviations: BMI, Body mass index; WC, Waist circumference; ABSI, A body shape index; BRI, Body round index; VAI, Visceral adiposity index; TC, Total cholesterol; TG, Triglyceride; HDL, High-density lipoprotein; AST, Aspartate aminotransferase; BUN, Blood urea nitrogen; Cr, Creatinine; Glu, Glucose; CRP, C-reactive protein; ba-PWV, Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity; SBP, Systolic blood pressure; DBP, Diastolic blood pressure; HR, Heart rate.