Table 1.
Myelin cytoskeleton phenotypes in in vivo animal models.
| transiently during development | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| optic nerve | CNP−/− | · Fewer cytoplasmic channels | Snaidero et al. 2017 | |
| Ptenfl/fl; Cnp1-Cre, Plp1CreERT2 | · Increased number of cytoplasmic channels | Snaidero et al. 2014 | ||
| ADF−/−; Cfl1fl/fl; Cnp-Cre | · Increased number of cytoplasmic channels | Snaidero et al. 2017 | ||
| ArpC3fl/fl; CNP-Cre or Olig2-Cre | · Fewer myelinated axons · Increased myelin outfoldings |
Zuchero et al. 2015 | ||
| ArpC3fl/fl; Plp1-CreERT | · No myelin phenotype | Zuchero et al. 2015 | ||
| Gsn −/− | · Thinner myelin · No phenotype (Nawaz et al. 2015) |
Zuchero et al. 2015 Nawaz et al. 2015 |
||
| brain | Pak1/Pak3 dKO | · Hypomyelination | Huang et al. 2011 | |
| PAK3−/− | · Decreased OPC differentiation | Maglorius-Renkilaraj et al. 2016 | ||
| spinal cord | ADF/cofilinfl/fl; Cnp-Cre | · Increased F-actin at inner tongue · Increased F/G actin ratio in WM · Thinner myelin |
Nawaz et al. 2015 | |
| Shiverer | · Increased F-actin in white matter | Zuchero et al. 2015 | ||
| Cdc42fl/fl; Cnp-Cre | · Increased inner tongue · Myelin outfoldings |
Thurnherr et al. 2006 | ||
| Rac1fl/fl; Cnp-Cre | · Increased inner tongue · Myelin outfoldings |
Thurnherr et al. 2006 | ||
| Camk2b−/− | · Impaired OPC differentiation · Thinner myelin |
Waggener et al. 2013 | ||
| Camk2b A303R (kinase inactive) | · No myelin phenotype | Waggener et al. 2013 | ||
| EAE (mouse model of MS) | · Oligodendrocyte-specific increase in β-actin gene expression | Locatelli et al. 2015 | ||
| ON, CC, SC | WAVE1−/− | · Fewer OPC processes · Fewer myelinated axons (ON) · No change myelinated axons (SC) |
Kim et al. 2006 | |
| PNS | Cdc42fl/fl; Dhh-Cre | · Impaired radial sorting · Decreased Schwann cell proliferation |
Benninger et al. 2007 | |
| Rac1fl/fl; Dhh-Cre | · Impaired radial sorting · Deficit in Schwann cell process extension and stabilization |
Benninger et al. 2007 | ||
| N-WASPfl/fl; Dhh-Cre or P0-Cre | · Fewer myelinated axons · Thinner myelin · Shorter internodes |
Novak et al. 2011 Jin et al. 2011 |
||
| Profilin1fl/fl; Dhh-Cre or Cnp-Cre | · Delayed radial sorting · Deficits in axon ensheathment |
Montani et al. 2014 | ||
| Pmp22+/− | · Increased F-actin at paranodes · Increased PAK1 |
Hu et al. 2016 | ||
Abbreviations: ON: optic nerve, CC: corpus callosum, SC: spinal cord, EAE: experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Cnp-Cre and Olig2-Cre are used for early promoters in the CNS. Plp-CreERT is used for a late promoter in the CNS. Cnp-Cre and Dhh-Cre are used as PNS promoters.