Table 4. Effect of having a usual source of care on medical expenses (multiple panel regression with random-effect model)^a .

Variables	Having a USC
	Differenceb	95% CI	P value
Total medical expenses	−0.05	−0.12, 0.02	0.169
Outpatient expense	−0.04	−0.11, 0.03	0.266
Inpatient expense	−0.20	−0.32, −0.06	0.007
Clinic expense	−0.25	−0.34, −0.15	0.000
Hospital expense	−0.12	−0.27, 0.04	0.138

USC = usual source of care, CI = confidence interval.

^aAdjusted for gender, age, region, educational level, income level, subjective health status, chronic disease, Charlson Comorbidity Index; ^bDifference: = e^β − 1.