. 2019 Aug 16;34(35):e229. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2019.34.e229

Table 5. Effect of having a clinic-level and hospital-level usual source of care on medical expenses (multiple panel regression with random-effect model)^a .

Variables	Clinic-level USC			Hospital-level USC
Variables	Difference^b	95% CI	P value	Difference	95% CI	P value
Total medical expenses	−0.12	−0.19, −0.04	0.005	0.07	−0.04, 0.19	0.248
Outpatient expenses	−0.09	−0.16, −0.01	0.026	0.03	−0.07, 0.15	0.546
Inpatient expenses	−0.35	−0.46, −0.23	0.000	0.26	−0.01, 0.59	0.062
Clinic expenses	0.29	0.14, 0.45	0.000	−0.84	−0.87, −0.80	0.000
Hospital expenses	−0.74	−0.79, −0.68	0.000	7.87	6.02, 10.22	0.000

USC = usual source of care, CI = confidence interval.

^aAdjusted for gender, age, region, educational level, income level, subjective health status, chronic disease, Charlson Comorbidity Index; ^bDifference: = e^β − 1.

Table 5. Effect of having a clinic-level and hospital-level usual source of care on medical expenses (multiple panel regression with random-effect model)a .

Table 5. Effect of having a clinic-level and hospital-level usual source of care on medical expenses (multiple panel regression with random-effect model)^a .