Figure 1.

Annual adult survival (and standard errors) in three species of salamanders from the western Palaearctic. (a) Map showing the populations of L. fazilae (in red), S. salamandra (in blue) and Salamandra perspicillata (in violet) considered in this study. Note that data of only one population of S. perspicillata were available for the present study (the southernmost population on the map). (b) Survival of small and large adults of L. fazilae and their standard errors (model-averaged) estimated using our survival and recruitment models. (c) Survival estimates of L. fazilae (from this study) and S. salamandra and S. perspicillata, which are extracted from two previous capture–recapture studies ([42,43], respectively). The phylogenetic tree is the one presented in [34].