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. 2019 Jun 18;317(2):E350–E361. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00572.2018

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5.

Indole 3-propionic acid (IPA) supplementation in vivo reduces vasodilatory responses in germ-free mice. Concentration-response curves were measured for the vasodilator actions of acetylcholine (Ach; A) and 2-furoyl-Leu-Ile-Gly-Arg-Leu-Orn-amide (2-fLi; B) in aorta rings derived from germ-free mice either supplemented (□) or not (■) with IPA in the drinking water. C: vasodilator responses to the nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were measured for aorta rings obtained from germ-free mice either supplemented (□) or not (■) with IPA. D and E: vasoconstrictor concentration-response curves were measured for either phenylephrine (PE; D) or KCl (E) for aorta rings obtained from germ-free mice either supplemented (□) or not (■) with IPA. Data represent means ± SE (bars); n = 6 for each group. Two-way ANOVA was used for comparing concentration-response curves, for which P < 0.05 for differences between the curves (□ and ■ in A–C). Curves in D and E are not statistically different. *P < 0.05 for IPA-treated vs. germ-free untreated tissues.