Fig. 1.

A and B: tissue H₂S production and cellular H₂S release in mouse glomerular endothelial cells (MGECs). A: GYY4137 (GYY) treatment increased H₂S production in the kidney cortical tissue of diabetic mice. H₂S was measured using 100 μl of isolated kidney cortical tissue extract from mice of different experimental groups within 36 h of sample collection. Data represent mean ± SE, n = 6 or 7/group; *, †P < 0.05. B: confocal images of MGECs fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and labeled with or without CD31 followed by secondary goat anti-mouse IgG (Alexa Fluor 488). i: CD31-positive cells (green): yellow arrow. ii: negative control cells stained with DAPI in the absence of CD31 and presence of secondary antibody. Nuclear counterstain with DAPI showing blue color. Images were captured at ×100 magnification. C and D: GYY treatment normalized the levels of H₂S in MGECs in high-glucose (HG) conditions without or with osmotic control l-Glu (25 mM). Washington State Probe-1 (WSP-1), a reactive disulfide-containing fluorescent probe, was used to detect H₂S in cells. E: bar diagram represents percent of fluorescent intensity. Values are mean ± SE, n = 7/group; *, †P < 0.05. Image, original magnification ×100; scale bar, 20 µm. NG, normal glucose; WT, wild type.