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Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) (2.4%) effects on reactive oxygen species induction and mitochondrial dysfunction. A: malondialdehyde (MDA) generation associated with e-cigarette (2.4%) exposure. B: mtDNA lesions in cardiac cells (n = 5 per group; saline vs. e-cigarette (2.4%), *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01; e-cigarette (0%) vs. e-cigarette (2.4%), #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01).
