Table 6.

Parameters of macroscopical evaluation of ethanol-induced ulcers in rats

Animal group	Number of ulcers	Percentage incidence of animals	Paul’s index	AA	Severity of inflammation
Mean±SD n=6
I (normal control)	–	0	0	–	– (no inflammation)
II (positive control)	25±5.67	100	25	–	+++ (severe)
III (diosmin)	9±3.37*	66.67	6	4.16	++ (moderate)
IV (uncoated PLGA nanoparticles)	4±2***	50	2	12.5	+ (mild)
V (chitosan-coated nanoparticles)	2±1.26***	33.33	0.667	37.48	+ (mild)

Notes: 100 mg/kg diosmin or an equivalent dose of the nanoparticles was used; *P<0.05 and ^***P<0.001 vs positive control group (II).

Abbreviations: PLGA, poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid; AA, anti-ulcer activity.