Table 3.
Prescription pattern of antihypertensive monotherapy and combination therapy, n (%).
| Monotherapy | Combination therapy | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ARB | ACEI | BB | CCB | Diuretics | ARB + CCB | Single-pill fixed (ARB + CCB) | ARB + diuretics | Single-pill fixed (ARB + diuretics) | ARB + CCB + diuretics | Separate (ARB + CCB + diuretics) | Others | |
| 713,667 (24.45) | 44,406 (1.52) | 346,673 (11.88) | 750,337 (25.70) | 92,713 (3.18) | 367,572 (12.59) | 307,781 (83.73) | 285,869 (9.79) | 275,746 (96.46) | 40,691 (1.39) | 38,083 (93.59) | 277,234 (9.50) | |
| Age (mean ± SD) | 52.86 ± 12.61 | 50.34 ± 19.56 | 49.32 ± 16.68 | 55.37 ± 13.96 | 52.69 ± 16.7 | 51.96 ± 12.56 | 51.47 ± 12.22 | 53.99 ± 12.52 | 53.84 ± 12.41 | 53.67 ± 13.3 | 53.8 ± 13.28 | 52.68 ± 18.43 |
| <20 | 4,492 (9.93) | 4,600 (10.17) | 13,417 (29.67) | 4,786 (10.58) | 2,140 (4.73) | 1,227 (2.71) | 971 (79.14) | 534 (1.18) | 510 (95.51) | 86 (0.19) | 74 (86.05) | 13,940 (30.83) |
| 20–29 | 15,365 (16.09) | 1,681 (1.76) | 30,155 (31.58) | 18,757 (19.64) | 6,141 (6.43) | 8,426 (8.82) | 7,083 (84.06) | 4,454 (4.66) | 4,279 (96.07) | 830 (0.87) | 747 (90.00) | 9,680 (10.14) |
| 30–39 | 72,328 (23.83) | 4,051 (1.33) | 48,706 (16.05) | 66,834 (22.02) | 11,075 (3.65) | 43,945 (14.48) | 37,796 (86.01) | 25,751 (8.48) | 24,977 (96.99) | 4,304 (1.42) | 3,981 (92.50) | 26,529 (8.74) |
| 40–49 | 194,938 (27.32) | 8,606 (1.21) | 75,324 (10.56) | 160,178 (22.45) | 19,047 (2.67) | 109,288 (15.32) | 94,415 (86.39) | 77,024 (10.79) | 74,997 (97.37) | 11,147 (1.56) | 10,387 (93.18) | 57,972 (8.12) |
| 50–59 | 229,509 (26.49) | 10,949 (1.26) | 87,726 (10.13) | 222,731 (25.71) | 23,283 (2.69) | 114,792 (13.25) | 97,355 (84.81) | 91,574 (10.57) | 88,931 (97.11) | 12,316 (1.42) | 11,522 (93.55) | 73,490 (8.48) |
| 60–69 | 122,171 (24.02) | 7,423 (1.46) | 52,154 (10.25) | 152,145 (29.91) | 14,918 (2.93) | 54,608 (10.74) | 44,390 (81.29) | 51,040 (10.03) | 49,072 (96.14) | 6,527 (1.28) | 6,157 (94.33) | 47,676 (9.37) |
| 70–79 | 60,175 (20.41) | 5,136 (1.74) | 30,672 (10.41) | 94,567 (32.08) | 11,552 (3.92) | 26,871 (9.12) | 20,214 (75.23) | 28,025 (9.51) | 26,273 (93.75) | 3,947 (1.34) | 3,749 (94.98) | 33,826 (11.48) |
| ≥80 | 14,689 (16.04) | 1,960 (2.14) | 8,519 (9.30) | 30,339 (33.12) | 4,557 (4.97) | 8,415 (9.19) | 5,557 (66.04) | 7,467 (8.15) | 6,707 (89.82) | 1,534 (1.67) | 1,466 (95.57) | 14,121 (15.42) |
| Sex | ||||||||||||
| Male | 420,813 (25.76) | 27,129 (1.66) | 155,995 (9.55) | 417,782 (25.57) | 27,254 (1.67) | 238,220 (14.58) | 200,266 (84.07) | 157,969 (9.67) | 153,329 (97.06) | 25,404 (1.55) | 23,701 (93.30) | 163,202 (9.99) |
| Female | 292,854 (22.78) | 17,277 (1.34) | 190,678 (14.83) | 332,555 (25.87) | 65,459 (5.09) | 129,352 (10.06) | 107,515 (83.12) | 127,900 (9.95) | 122,417 (95.71) | 15,287 (1.19) | 14,382 (94.08) | 114,032 (8.87) |
| Income | ||||||||||||
| Medical aid | 21,158 (18.85) | 1,963 (1.75) | 19,159 (17.07) | 27,747 (24.73) | 5,175 (4.61) | 10,888 (9.70) | 8,507 (78.13) | 8,903 (7.93) | 8,405 (94.41) | 1,477 (1.32) | 1,409 (95.40) | 15,747 (14.03) |
| Q1(low) | 179,546 (23.43) | 10,688 (1.39) | 87,246 (11.38) | 196,925 (25.70) | 24,899 (3.25) | 100,997 (13.18) | 84,407 (83.57) | 78,733 (10.27) | 75,970 (96.49) | 12,159 (1.59) | 11,381 (93.60) | 75,185 (9.81) |
| Q2 | 167,807 (24.09) | 10,021 (1.44) | 81,121 (11.64) | 176,271 (25.30) | 22,545 (3.24) | 91,692 (13.16) | 77,146 (84.14) | 69,714 (10.01) | 67,372 (96.64) | 10,238 (1.47) | 9,573 (93.50) | 67,234 (9.65) |
| Q3 | 166,039 (25.02) | 10,571 (1.59) | 75,841 (11.43) | 171,715 (25.88) | 19,938 (3.00) | 83,991 (12.66) | 70,344 (83.75) | 65,496 (9.87) | 63,175 (96.46) | 9,085 (1.37) | 8,512 (93.69) | 60,848 (9.17) |
| Q4 (high) | 179,117 (26.33) | 11,163 (1.64) | 83,306 (12.24) | 177,679 (26.11) | 20,156 (2.96) | 80,004 (11.76) | 67,377 (84.22) | 63,023 (9.26) | 60,824 (96.51) | 7,732 (1.14) | 7,208 (93.22) | 58,220 (8.56) |
| Residence | ||||||||||||
| Metropolitan | 441,925 (25.38) | 25,693 (1.48) | 208,988 (12.00) | 443,462 (25.47) | 51,973 (2.98) | 222,839 (12.80) | 189,878 (85.21) | 165,196 (9.49) | 159,935 (96.82) | 22,894 (1.31) | 21,283 (92.96) | 158,334 (9.09) |
| City | 198,002 (23.75) | 12,818 (1.54) | 100,108 (12.01) | 210,123 (25.20) | 28,099 (3.37) | 106,064 (12.72) | 87,828 (82.81) | 84,793 (10.17) | 81,631 (96.27) | 12,440 (1.49) | 11,738 (94.36) | 81,320 (9.75) |
| Rural | 73,740 (21.43) | 5,895 (1.710) | 37,577 (10.92) | 96,752 (28.12) | 12,641 (3.67) | 38,669 (11.24) | 30,075 (77.78) | 35,880 (10.43) | 34,180 (95.26) | 5,357 (1.56) | 5,062 (94.49) | 37,580 (10.92) |
| Charlson comorbidity index | ||||||||||||
| 0 | 223,380 (23.81) | 7,532 (0.80) | 102,265 (10.90) | 259,791 (27.69) | 23,844 (2.54) | 144,663 (15.42) | 126,841 (87.68) | 101,639 (10.83) | 99,032 (97.44) | 14,243 (1.52) | 13,245 (92.99) | 60,777 (6.48) |
| 1 | 194,677 (24.60) | 9,554 (1.21) | 93,931 (11.87) | 206,751 (26.13) | 26,316 (3.33) | 101,812 (12.86) | 86,629 (85.09) | 81,253 (10.27) | 78,628 (96.77) | 11,177 (1.41) | 10,490 (93.85) | 65,917 (8.33) |
| 2 | 125,456 (25.22) | 9,257 (1.86) | 61,032 (12.27) | 124,275 (24.98) | 18,034 (3.62) | 55,255 (11.11) | 45,584 (82.50) | 47,316 (9.51) | 45,392 (95.93) | 6,542 (1.31) | 6,118 (93.52) | 50,356 (10.12) |
| ≥3 | 170,154 (24.58) | 18,063 (2.61) | 89,445 (12.92) | 159,520 (23.05) | 24,519 (3.54) | 65,842 (9.51) | 48,727 (74.01) | 55,661 (8.04) | 52,694 (94.67) | 8,729 (1.26) | 8,230 (94.28) | 100,184 (14.48) |
| Comorbidity | ||||||||||||
| Diabetes | 146,705 (39.49) | 12,888 (3.47) | 26,869 (7.23) | 65,253 (17.57) | 7,247 (1.95) | 39,243 (10.56) | 31,441 (80.12) | 35,983 (9.69) | 34,825 (96.78) | 4,397 (1.18) | 4,140 (94.16) | 32,892 (8.85) |
| Dyslipidemia | 240,239 (29.80) | 17,020 (2.11) | 77,673 (9.63) | 176,764 (21.92) | 16,503 (2.05) | 97,247 (12.06) | 79,833 (82.09) | 78,273 (9.71) | 75,288 (96.19) | 10,327 (1.28) | 9,564 (92.61) | 92,200 (11.44) |
| Congestive heart failure | 14,337 (11.87) | 5,768 (4.78) | 26,936 (22.31) | 14,183 (11.75) | 3,867 (3.20) | 6,022 (4.99) | 3,569 (59.27) | 5,859 (4.85) | 4,705 (80.30) | 964 (0.80) | 908 (94.19) | 42,813 (35.46) |
| Ischemic heart failure | 58,176 (14.49) | 9,904 (2.47) | 81,919 (20.40) | 99,718 (24.83) | 7,366 (1.83) | 30,283 (7.54) | 19,567 (64.61) | 19,949 (4.97) | 18,447 (92.47) | 4,467 (1.11) | 4,238 (94.87) | 89,765 (22.35) |
| Stroke | 31,015 (22.88) | 2,857 (2.11) | 15,783 (11.64) | 34,864 (25.72) | 3,377 (2.49) | 14,745 (10.88) | 9,600 (65.11) | 8,295 (6.12) | 7,727 (93.15) | 2,235 (1.65) | 2,075 (92.84) | 22,398 (16.52) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 8,793 (32.25) | 1,102 (4.04) | 1,694 (6.21) | 5,072 (18.60) | 602 (2.21) | 3,088 (11.33) | 1,769 (57.29) | 1,441 (5.29) | 1,297 (90.01) | 344 (1.26) | 324 (94.19) | 5,127 (18.81) |
| Cancer | 5,652 (12.67) | 651 (1.46) | 6,097 (13.66) | 16,004 (35.86) | 927 (2.08) | 3,526 (7.90) | 2,498 (70.85) | 2,073 (4.65) | 1,963 (94.69) | 421 (0.94) | 400 (95.01) | 9,275 (20.78) |
| Provider type | ||||||||||||
| General hospital | 170,474 (18.44) | 27,923 (3.02) | 188,819 (20.42) | 226,705 (24.52) | 27,443 (2.97) | 85,950 (9.30) | 60,437 (70.32) | 25,458 (2.75) | 22,832 (89.68) | 7,785 (0.84) | 6,939 (89.13) | 164,035 (17.74) |
| Hospital | 64,955 (19.63) | 3,981 (1.20) | 38,207 (11.55) | 99,156 (29.96) | 10,570 (3.19) | 50,126 (15.15) | 40,075 (79.95) | 26,565 (8.03) | 25,504 (96.01) | 7,847 (2.37) | 7,645 (97.43) | 29,521 (8.92) |
| Clinic | 457,721 (29.33) | 10,968 (0.70) | 116,359 (7.46) | 382,965 (24.54) | 51,972 (3.33) | 217,934 (13.96) | 197,185 (90.48) | 223,409 (14.31) | 21,7378 (97.3) | 22,652 (1.45) | 21,151 (93.37) | 76,720 (4.92) |
| Others | 20,517 (19.93) | 1,534 (1.49) | 3,288 (3.19) | 41,511 (40.32) | 2,728 (2.65) | 13,562 (13.17) | 10,084 (74.35) | 10,437 (10.14) | 10,032 (96.12) | 2,407 (2.34) | 2,348 (97.55) | 6,958 (6.76) |
| Year | ||||||||||||
| 2011 | 133,122 (21.22) | 11,086 (1.77) | 69,095 (11.02) | 169,958 (27.10) | 19,399 (3.09) | 67,370 (10.74) | 51,975 (77.15) | 74,967 (11.95) | 71,990 (96.03) | 12,913 (2.06) | 12,913 (100) | 69,339 (11.05) |
| 2012 | 142,023 (23.75) | 10,293 (1.72) | 70,719 (11.83) | 153,033 (25.59) | 19,473 (3.26) | 62,141 (10.39) | 48,491 (78.03) | 69,941 (11.7) | 67,656 (96.73) | 10,217 (1.71) | 10,217 (100) | 60,072 (10.05) |
| 2013 | 150,777 (26.06) | 9,248 (1.60) | 68,405 (11.82) | 148,626 (25.69) | 18,394 (3.18) | 68,945 (11.92) | 56,772 (82.34) | 55,487 (9.59) | 53,536 (96.48) | 7,025 (1.21) | 6,597 (93.91) | 51,572 (8.92) |
| 2014 | 136,533 (25.36) | 7,415 (1.38) | 68,083 (12.64) | 134,755 (25.03) | 17,996 (3.34) | 79,351 (14.74) | 70,132 (88.38) | 42,131 (7.82) | 40,626 (96.43) | 5,123 (0.95) | 4,319 (84.31) | 47,081 (8.74) |
| 2015 | 151,212 (26.20) | 6,364 (1.10) | 70,371 (12.19) | 143,965 (24.95) | 17,451 (3.02) | 89,765 (15.56) | 80,411 (89.58) | 43,343 (7.51) | 41,938 (96.76) | 5,413 (0.94) | 4,037 (74.58) | 49,170 (8.52) |