Figure 2.

Etiologies of solitary kidney across age groups and factors determining long-term renal function, including nephron mass at the initial onset of having a solitary kidney and concomitant underlying renal anomalies or comorbidities. Duration of having a solitary kidney, depending on age at the onset of solitary kidney, also leads to possible cumulative lifetime risk for developing progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD). AKI, acute kidney injury; FSGS, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.