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. 2019 Sep 9;12:212. doi: 10.1186/s13068-019-1551-3

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — LNnT biosynthesis model in B. subtilis. black-colored arrows with dash line indicate several steps in the pathway. Green-colored arrows indicate the enhancing expressing of genes. Red-colored arrows indicate the deletion of genes. Pink-colored arrows indicate the construction of LNnT synthesis pathway. PEP, phosphoenolpyruvic acid; Pyr, pyruvate; G6P, glucose-6-phosphate; F6P, fructose-6-phosphate; GlcN-6-P, glucosamine-6-phosphate; GlcN-1-P, glucosamine-1-phosphate; GlcNAc-1P, N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate; UDP-GlcNAc, UDP-N-acetyglucosamine; Glc-1P, glucose-1-phosphate; UDP-Glc, UDP-glucose; UDP-GlcA, UDP-glucuronate; UDP-Gal, UDP-galactose; LNTII, Lacto-N-triose II; LNnT, Lacto-N-neotetraose. pgi, encoding glucose-6-phosphate isomerase; glmS, encoding glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase; glmM, encoding phosphoglucosamine mutase; glmU, encoding N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate uridyltransferase/glucosamine-1-phosphate acetyltransferase; nagBA, encoding glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase 1; nagBB, encoding glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase 2; pgcA, encoding phosphoglucomutase; gtaB, encoding UTP-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase; galE, encoding UDP-glucose 4-epimerase; tuaD, UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase; lacY, lactose permease; lgtA, β-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase; lgtB, β-1,4-galactostltransferase; : Glucose; : N-acetylglucosamine; : Galactose

Inline graphic — LNnT biosynthesis model in B. subtilis. black-colored arrows with dash line indicate several steps in the pathway. Green-colored arrows indicate the enhancing expressing of genes. Red-colored arrows indicate the deletion of genes. Pink-colored arrows indicate the construction of LNnT synthesis pathway. PEP, phosphoenolpyruvic acid; Pyr, pyruvate; G6P, glucose-6-phosphate; F6P, fructose-6-phosphate; GlcN-6-P, glucosamine-6-phosphate; GlcN-1-P, glucosamine-1-phosphate; GlcNAc-1P, N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate; UDP-GlcNAc, UDP-N-acetyglucosamine; Glc-1P, glucose-1-phosphate; UDP-Glc, UDP-glucose; UDP-GlcA, UDP-glucuronate; UDP-Gal, UDP-galactose; LNTII, Lacto-N-triose II; LNnT, Lacto-N-neotetraose. pgi, encoding glucose-6-phosphate isomerase; glmS, encoding glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase; glmM, encoding phosphoglucosamine mutase; glmU, encoding N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate uridyltransferase/glucosamine-1-phosphate acetyltransferase; nagBA, encoding glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase 1; nagBB, encoding glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase 2; pgcA, encoding phosphoglucomutase; gtaB, encoding UTP-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase; galE, encoding UDP-glucose 4-epimerase; tuaD, UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase; lacY, lactose permease; lgtA, β-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase; lgtB, β-1,4-galactostltransferase; : Glucose; : N-acetylglucosamine; : Galactose