Table 2.

Summary of papers on DBS targets in substance and alcohol use disorders

Ref	Author	Date	Journal	No subs	Target	Primary dx/secondary dx	Prim outcome	Result
84	Kuhn et al.	2007	J Neur Neurosurg Psychiatry	1	B.NAc	GAD, MDD/AUD	No change in anxiety	“rapid, drastic ↓ EtOH use” “EtOH free in two mos” Effects at 12 months
94	Müller et al.	2009	Pharmacopsych	3	B.NAc	AUD	OCDS, AUQ	↓ OCD 3/3, ↓ AUQ 3/3, abstinent 1/3, ↓ drinking 2/3, ↓ craving 2/3
85	Mantione et al.	2010	Neurosurgery	1	B.Nac	OCD, NUD, obesity	Weight, smoke, YBOCS	Quit smoking, ↓ weight, ↓YBOCS, ↓ anxiety
89	Zhou et al.	2011	Biol Psych	1	B.NAc	Heroin	Urine tox, naloxone challenge	↓ drug use x 6 years ;↓ cigarettes
88	Valencia-Alfonso et al.	2012	Biol Psych	1	B.NAc/ALIC	Heroin	Not stated	1 × 14 day relapse in 6m of Rx
95	Voges et al.	2013	World Neurosurg	5	Nac	AUD	OCDS, Craving, abstinence, LFP	Abstinent 2/5, ↓ craving 5/5
91	Kuhn et al.	2014	Mol Psych	2	NAc	Opioid/amphet, AUD	Craving	↓ Craving; ↓ heroin; in one patient, transient in anxiety, drug use, mood that responded to IPG replacement
93	Ge et al.	2018	World Neurosurg	2	B.NAc/ALIC	Methamphetamine	Urine tox, craving	Abstinent 1/2, No effect 1/2
90	Chen et al.	2019	Brain Stim	8	B.NAc/ALIC	Heroin	Abstinence, craving, Y-BOCS, VAS	5/8 abstinent 3 years, 2/5 relapse, one lost, ↓craving, I FDG frontal temporal

ALIC = anterior limb internal capsule, AUD = Alcohol use disorder, AUQ = alcohol urge questionnaire, B. NAc = bilateral nucleus accumbens, BZD = benzodiazepine, GAD = generalized anxiety disorder, IPG = implanted generator, LFP = local field potential, OCD = obsessive-compulsive disorder, OCDS = obsessive-compulsive drinking scale, NUD = nicotine use disorder, YBOCS = Yale-Brown Obsessive compulsive scale