Table I.
Pooled OR and 95% CI for the association between SFRP1, SFRP2, SFRP 4 and SFRP5 promoter hypermethylation and cancer risk.
| SFRP1 | SFRP2 | SFRP4 | SFRP5 | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | n | OR (95% CI) | P-value | I2, % | n | OR (95% CI) | P-value | I2, % | n | OR (95% CI) | P-value | I2, % | n | OR (95% CI) | P-value | I2, % |
| Total | 58 | 8.48 (6.26–11.49) | <0.001 | 62 | 54 | 8.21 (6.20–10.88) | <0.001 | 77 | 19 | 11.41 (6.42–20.30) | <0.001 | 63 | 28 | 6.34 (3.86–10.42) | <0.001 | 79 |
| Cancer type | ||||||||||||||||
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | 8 | 5.00 (2.74–9.11) | <0.001 | 50 | 3 | 1.91 (1.20–3.03) | 0.006 | 0 | 3 | 4.11 (1.95–8.67) | <0.001 | 0 | ||||
| Gastric cancer | 7 | 10.27 (5.14–20.50) | <0.001 | 51 | 5 | 6.97 (2.66–18.25) | <0.001 | 71 | 2 | 7.66 (0.87–67.08) | 0.070 | 89 | 4 | 3.36 (0.47–23.83) | 0.220 | 94 |
| Colorectal cancer | 6 | 7.86 (4.87–12.68) | <0.001 | 39 | 23 | 8.41 (5.91–11.97) | <0.001 | 73 | 3 | 11.04 (2.50–48.76) | 0.002 | 67 | 4 | 6.37 (2.18–18.62) | <0.001 | 66 |
| Esophageal cancer | 5 | 16.18 (3.77–69.47) | <0.001 | 80 | 4 | 7.28 (1.72–30.79) | 0.007 | 76 | ||||||||
| Breast cancer | 4 | 10.70 (0.82–140.26) | 0.070 | 88 | 3 | 30.81 (0.52–1837.06) | 0.100 | 91 | ||||||||
| Renal cell carcinoma | 5 | 12.18 (5.66–26.21) | <0.001 | 0 | 2 | 13.48 (5.37–33.79) | <0.001 | 0 | 2 | 7.39 (3.22–16.98) | <0.001 | 0 | 2 | 9.75 (4.29–22.12) | <0.001 | 4 |
| Cervical cancer | 2 | 60.61 (7.10–517.42) | <0.001 | 0 | 2 | 93.72 (29.05–302.32) | <0.001 | 0 | 3 | 215.02 (40.42–1143.79) | <0.001 | 0 | 2 | 11.89 (0.50–282.90) | 0.130 | 87 |
| Ovarian cancer | 2 | 22.19 (10.54–46.72) | <0.001 | 0 | 2 | 19.00 (6.54–55.16) | <0.001 | 77 | 2 | 22.01 (10.49–46.19) | <0.001 | 42 | 2 | 59.70 (23.59–151.07) | <0.001 | 0 |
| Endometrial carcinoma | 2 | 3.07 (1.03–9.12) | 0.040 | 0 | 2 | 5.97 (2.06–17.33) | 0.001 | 0 | 2 | 0.71 (0.16–3.19) | 0.660 | 47 | 2 | 2.09 (0.44–10.04) | 0.360 | 61 |
| Bladder cancer | 3 | 8.20 (3.23–20.76) | <0.001 | 0 | ||||||||||||
| Lung cancer | 3 | 10.68 (5.94–19.20) | <0.001 | 0 | ||||||||||||
| Leukemia | 4 | 12.85 (3.64–45.31) | <0.001 | 27 | 2 | 14.07 (1.84–107.61) | 0.010 | 0 | ||||||||
| Sample material | ||||||||||||||||
| Tissue | 42 | 9.46 (6.93 −12.92) | <0.001 | 58 | 36 | 8.29 (5.79–11.87) | <0.001 | 79 | 16 | 12.12 (6.50–22.59) | <0.001 | 69 | 23 | 6.63 (3.85–11.42) | <0.001 | 83 |
| Blood | 11 | 9.30 (3.60–24.03) | <0.001 | 62 | 7 | 7.50 (2.30–24.42) | <0.001 | 86 | 2 | 9.15 (1.18–70.81) | 0.030 | 0 | 2 | 17.36 (2.29–131.85) | 0.006 | 0 |
| Feces | 2 | 9.33 (3.09–28.15) | <0.001 | 0 | 10 | 9.20 (7.06–11.99) | <0.001 | 42 | ||||||||
| Bone marrow | 2 | 2.01 (0.35–11.69) | 0.440 | 0 | ||||||||||||
| Region | ||||||||||||||||
| Asia | 41 | 7.83 (5.70–10.76) | <0.001 | 56 | 42 | 8.69 (6.40–11.81) | <0.001 | 77 | 13 | 11.69 (5.86–23.32) | <0.001 | 61 | 21 | 6.54 (3.51–12.21) | <0.001 | 81 |
| Europe | 10 | 7.58 (2.74–20.98) | <0.001 | 77 | 6 | 5.73 (1.76–18.72) | 0.004 | 81 | 2 | 2.08 (1.22–3.55) | 0.007 | 28 | ||||
| North America | 6 | 18.21 (9.28–35.71) | <0.001 | 0 | 5 | 6.99 (2.53–19.33) | <0.001 | 72 | 4 | 9.39 (5.25–16.79) | <0.001 | 0 | 4 | 11.70 (6.60–20.74) | <0.001 | 37 |
| Method | ||||||||||||||||
| MSP | 48 | 9.95 (7.26–13.64) | <0.001 | 55 | 41 | 8.82 (6.21–12.54) | <0.001 | 77 | 17 | 11.25 (6.63–19.11) | <0.001 | 52 | 25 | 7.21 (4.32–12.03) | <0.001 | 79 |
| COBRA | 2 | 5.48 (1.89–15.85) | 0.002 | 67 | 5 | 9.74 (5.59–16.98) | <0.001 | 74 | ||||||||
| MethyLight | 2 | 8.92 (1.10–72.12) | 0.04 | 0 | 3 | 12.19 (6.92–21.48) | <0.001 | 0 | ||||||||
| MSRE-qPCR | 2 | 3.26 (1.33–7.95) | 0.01 | 0 | ||||||||||||
| QMSP | 3 | 5.01 (0.62–40.67) | 0.13 | 83 | 2 | 5.00 (0.60–41.83) | 0.140 | 89 | 2 | 25.86 (0.18–3638.77) | 0.20 | 93 | ||||
| Reverse hybridization method | 2 | 2.46 (0.45–13.58) | 0.300 | 68 | ||||||||||||
COBRA, combined bisulfite restriction analysis; MSP, MSP, methylation-specific PCR; MSRE-qPCR, methylation-sensitive restriction endonucleases; OR, odds ratio; QMSP, real-time quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction; SFRP, secreted frizzled-related protein.