Table 1.

Birth and Prepubertal Data of the PA and Control Groups in the Study

	PA Group (n = 30)	Control Group (n = 41)	P a , b
Birth data
Gestational age, wk	40.1 (29.0–42.3)	40.1 (29.1–42.1)	0.767
Birth length, cm	49.5 (38.0–56.0)	50.0 (38.5–54.0)	0.056
Birth length, SD score	−0.17 (1.06)	0.24 (0.89)	0.074
Birth weight, g	3510 (1020–5460)	3550 (1190–4590)	0.158
Birth weight, SD score	−0.31 (-2.12 to 3.85)	−0.01 (-2.08 to 1.99)	0.081
SGA, yes	2 (7)	4 (10)	0.773
Preterm, yes	1 (3)	1 (2)	0.742
Prepubertal data
Age, y	7.6 (4.8–9.1)	7.4 (5.8–8.8)	0.780
Height, cm	130.5 (8.7)	124.8 (6.9)	0.003
Weight, kg	31.5 (16.7–50.5)	24.6 (16.5–48.4)	<0.001
BMI, kg/m2	17.1 (14.2–25.1)	15.9 (13.2–22.5)	0.018
BMI, SD score	0.79 (1.30)	0.05 (1.07)	0.012
Fat mass, kg	7.2 (1.6–17.6)	4.2 (2.0–16.4)	0.007
Fat, %	21.8 (9.7–38.2)	17.1 (9.2–33.4)	0.017
Lean mass, kg	24.3 (4.2)	21.7 (3.0)	0.008/0.341c
Muscle mass, kg	22.6 (4.1)	20.2 (2.8)	0.008/0.348c
Areal BMD LS, g/m2	0.72 (0.08)	0.67 (0.07)	0.019/0.197c
Areal BMD FN, g/m2	0.73 (0.09)	0.68 (0.10)	0.056/0.211c
Areal BMD F, g/m2	0.75 (0.10)	0.71 (0.08)	0.070/0.384c

Continuous variables are expressed as mean (SD) or median (range), and categorical variables as no. (%). Boldface indicates statistical significance.

Abbreviations: BMD, bone mineral density; F; femur; FN, femoral neck; LS, lumbar spine; SGA, small for gestational age.

^aThe independent samples t test or the Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables and Pearson χ² test for categorical variables.

^bStatistical significance set at P < 0.05.

^cLean and muscle mass and BMDs were compared also with BMI adjustment ,using one-way analysis of covariance.