Table 2.

Baseline clinical presentation at enrolment

	Amoxicillin				Placebo
	Age 2–6 months	Age 7–11 months	Age 12–23 months	Age 24–59 months	Age 2–6 months	Age 7–11 months	Age 12–23 months	Age 24–59 months
No of children	9	7	18	10	14	9	17	14
Male gender, n (%)	6 (66.7)	4 (57.1)	10 (55.6)	7 (70.0)	6 (42.9)	4 (44.4)	6 (35.3)	6 (42.9)
Malaria present, n (%)	0 (0.0)	1 (14.3)	1 (5.6)	2 (20.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (7.1)
Diarrhoea (by caretaker assessment), n (%)	1 (11.1)	1 (14.3)	1 (5.6)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	2 (22.2)	2 (11.8)	2 (14.3)
Respiratory rate (breaths/min) 40–49, n (%)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	8 (44.4)	7 (70.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	10 (58.8)	10 (71.4)
Respiratory rate (breaths/min) >49, n (%)	9 (100.0)	7 (100.0)	10 (55.6)	3 (30.0)	14 (100.0)	9 (100.0)	7 (41.2)	4 (28.6)
Oxygen saturation 90%–93%, n (%)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (5.6)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Oxygen saturation >93%, n (%)	9 (100.0)	7 (100.0)	17 (94.4)	10 (100.0)	14 (100.0)	9 (100.0)	17 (100.0)	14 (100.0)
Axillary temperature >38°C, n (%)	1 (11.1)	1 (14.3)	5 (27.8)	4 (40.0)	1 (7.1)	1 (11.1)	3 (17.6)	9 (64.3)
Axillary temperature <38°C, n (%)	8 (88.9)	6 (85.7)	13 (72.2)	6 (60.0)	13 (92.9)	8 (88.9)	14 (82.4)	5 (35.7)
Heart rate (beats/min) Median	156	149	150	136	147	150	145	153
Heart rate (beats/min) Min, Max	129, 170	117, 162	126, 192	130, 156	129, 168	120, 162	133, 163	125, 170
Height/weight Z-score, n	9	7	18	10	14	9	17	14
Height/weight Z-score > −2, n (%)	9 (100.0)	7 (100.0)	17 (94.4)	10 (100.0)	13 (92.9)	9 (100.0)	17 (100.0)	13 (92.9)
Height/weight Z-score −2 and −3, n (%)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (5.6)	0 (0.0)	1 (7.1)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (7.1)
Height/weight Z-score Mean (SD)	1.5 (1.2)	0.0 (1.4)	0.9 (1.5)	0.0 (1.3)	0.9 (1.9)	0.4 (1.0)	0.8 (0.6)	−0.2 (1.1)
Mid-upper arm circumference, n	9	7	18	10	14	9	17	14
Mid-upper arm circumference >125 mm, n (%)	8 (88.9)	7 (100.0)	18 (100.0)	10 (100.0)	12 (85.7)	9 (100.0)	17 (100.0)	14 (100.0)
Mid-upper arm circumference 115–125 mm, n (%)	1 (11.1)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	2 (14.3)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Mid-upper arm circumference Median (IQR)	140.6 (8.9)	144.6 (6.4)	153.4 (11.5)	156.2 (14.0)	139.3 (10.6)	146.2 (9.5)	150.4 (9.6)	151.4 (6.9)
Evidence of discharge from ear, n (%)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Runny nose, n (%)	6 (66.7)	6 (85.7)	8 (44.4)	5 (50.0)	6 (42.9)	4 (44.4)	6 (35.3)	6 (42.9)
Oral thrush, n (%)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Tender, enlarged lymph node(s) on neck, n (%)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Stiff neck, n (%)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)