Table 2.

Body composition determined by CT and DEXA, muscle strength, androgens and other hormones, lipids, 24-h ambulatory blood pressure measurements (mmHg), and VO₂max in males with Klinefelter syndrome during testosterone or placebo treatment and in controls.

		Placebo	Testosterone	P value	Controls	P value
				placebo vs testosterone		placebo vs controls
CT	Total abdominal fat cm3	533 ± 408	495 ± 366	0.04	194 ± 142	<0.001
	Intra-abdominal fat cm3	233 ± 163	223 ± 166	0.5	82 ± 79	<0.001
	Ratio visceral vs total fat	0.46 ± 0.12	0.46 ± 0.13	0.4	0.43 ± 0.17	0.4
DEXA	Total body fat (kg)	26.8 ± 16.8	24.6 ± 15.3	0.01	21.3 ± 15.2	0.1
	Abdominal fat (kg)	7.8 ± 5.8	7.2 ± 5.1	0.05	5.4 ± 4.6	0.06
	Abdominal lean body mass (g)	16.6 ± 4.9	17.0 ± 4.3	0.5	15.7 ± 3.5	0.3
	Abdominal total mass (g)	24.7 ± 10.6	24.3 ± 8.9	0.4	21.4 ± 8.1	0.1
	Abdominal fat (%)	29.9 ± 14.9	28.1 ± 16.8	0.03	24.5 ± 11.1	0.1
	Visceral fat (g)	3.5 ± 2.4	3.3 ± 2.3	0.2	2.3 ± 1.9	0.05
	Total body lean mass (g)	61.1 ± 12.1	62.1 ± 10.7	0.09	64.0 ± 13.0	0.4
	Total lumbar BMD (g/cm2)	0.98 ± 0.29	0.98 ± 0.27	0.5	1.11 ± 0.23	0.02
	Total hip BMD (g/cm2)	0.99 ± 0.16	0.99 ± 0.19	0.7	1.07 ± 0.22	0.1
Muscle strength	Arm – right biceps (Nm)	300 ± 41	301 ± 50	0.9	322 ± 49	0.08
	Leg – right quadriceps (Nm)	557 ± 121	556 ± 140	1.0	627 ± 115	0.2
Bio-chemistry	Testosterone (nmol/L)	10.2 ± 5.5	8.5 ± 4.1	0.2	17.4 ± 5.0	0.002
	DHEAS (nmol/L)	4.7 ± 2.3	4.0 ± 1.8	0.02	5.9 ± 3.2	0.3
	17-Hydroxy-progesterone (nmol/L)	2.5 ± 1.3	1.8 ± 1.0	0.02	2.8 ± 1.2	0.5
	Androstenedione (nmol/L)	2.9 ± 1.0	2.8 ± 0.8	0.7	3.5 ± 1.5	0.3
	LH (IU/L)	19.6 ± 5.1	19.1 ± 5.2	0.7	4.0 ± 1.4	<0.0001
	FSH (IU/L)	36.9 ± 9.1	35.7 ± 11.2	0.4	3.9 ± 1.6	<0.0001
	SHBG (nmol/L)	31.6 ± 13.8	24.5 ± 10.6	0.001	30.3 ± 9.6	0.8
	Hemoglobin (mmol/L)	8.7 ± 0.6	9.0 ± 0.6	0.05	9.6 ± 0.6	0.001
	IGF-I (µg/L)	163 ± 51	178 ± 47	0.03	165 ± 54	0.9
	IGFBP-3 (µg/L)	4329 ± 794	4155 ± 710	0.2	3707 ± 397	0.02
	CRP (mg/L)	1.7 ± 1.7	2.1 ± 2.3	0.3	1.6 ± 1.6	1.0
	Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	4.7 ± 0.7	4.6 ± 0.8	0.6	4.9 ± 0.9	0.4
	LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	2.7 ± 0.8	2.7 ± 1.0	1.0	2.8 ± 1.1	0.9
	HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	1.3 ± 0.4	1.2 ± 0.6	0.4	1.3 ± 0.3	0.9
	Triglycerides (mmol/L)	1.3 ± 0.8	1.5 ± 0.6	0.4	1.3 ± 0.5	0.9
	Alanine aminotransferase (U/L)	36 ± 23	27 ± 11	0.1	42 ± 32	0.5
Blood Pressure	Day systolic AMBP	125 ± 13	129 ± 9	0.2	129 ± 10	0.4
	Night systolic AMBP	112 ± 12	113 ± 11	0.8	114 ± 10	0.7
	24-h systolic AMBP	122 ± 9	124 ± 9	0.2	125 ± 8	0.4
	Day diastolic AMBP	77 ± 9	82 ± 13	0.8	80 ± 9	0.4
	Night diastolic AMBP	66 ± 10	65 ± 10	0.8	65 ± 10	0.9
	24-h diastolic AMBP	74 ± 7	75 ± 7	0.4	76 ± 9	0.6
Exercise capacity	VO2max (mL O2/kg/min)	33.1 ± 7.3	31.3 ± 7.4	0.1	45.2 ± 6.6	0.004