Table 3.
Treatment effect of synbiotic formulation on microbial community composition at family level. Abundance (%) of microbial families level and the Reciprocal Simpson Diversity Index in the luminal and mucosal environment of the ascending (AC), transverse (TC) and descending colon (DC) of the human gastro-intestinal tract at the end of the control (C) and the treatment (TR) period upon treatment with the test product (n = 1/donor). For optimal observation of consistent effects over the different donors tested, the average of the three donors (D1/2/3) is presented (n = 3). Statistically significant differences between control and treatment (C vs TR), are indicated with *(p < 0.05).
| Phylum | Family | Average D1/2/3 |
|||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lumen |
Mucus |
||||||||||||
| AC |
TC |
DC |
AC |
TC |
DC |
||||||||
| CTRL | TR | CTRL | TR | CTRL | TR | CTRL | TR | CTRL | TR | CTRL | TR | ||
| Actinobacteria | Bifidobacteriaceae | 7.8 | 18.8 | 3.0 | 11.7* | 3.0 | 13.1* | 27.6 | 49.0* | 16.6 | 26.6 | 10.3 | 10.6 |
| Coriobacteriaceae | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 2.2 | 1.0 | 1.1 | |
| Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidaceae | 28.5 | 1.0* | 37.6 | 16.1* | 26.9 | 21.4 | 13.4 | 1.2 | 10.8 | 9.2 | 12.8 | 14.3 |
| Prevotellaceae | 9.2 | 36.7 | 0.7 | 8.3* | 0.2 | 5.3* | 1.5 | 14.7 | 0.1 | 0.5* | 0.0 | 0.1* | |
| Rikenellaceae | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 1.1 | 1.2 | |
| Tannerellaceae | 0.5 | 0.0 | 6.2 | 6.9 | 7.4 | 10.7 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1.4 | 2.9 | 1.4 | 3.3* | |
| Firmicutes | Acidaminococcaceae | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 1.6 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 1.3 |
| Bacillaceae | 0.0 | 1.0* | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.2* | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.2* | |
| Christensenellaceae | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.4* | |
| Clostridiaceae_1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.4 | |
| Enterococcaceae | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Erysipelotrichaceae | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.5* | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.6* | 0.2 | 1.0 | |
| Eubacteriaceae | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 0.1 | |
| Lachnospiraceae | 11.0 | 8.0 | 30.4 | 19.4 | 29.6 | 16.3 | 25.6 | 6.1 | 24.5 | 31.0 | 28.9 | 46.0* | |
| Lactobacillaceae | 0.0 | 8.3 | 0.0 | 1.5 | 0.0 | 1.7 | 2.2 | 11.7 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.2 | |
| Ruminococcaceae | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.2 | 16.1* | 2.2 | 10.2* | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 8.3* | 4.6 | 3.3 | |
| Veillonellaceae | 31.9 | 23.5 | 11.4 | 10.7 | 11.6 | 8.2 | 19.0 | 15.4 | 5.3 | 7.8 | 3.4 | 3.6 | |
| Proteobacteria | Burkholderiaceae | 0.2 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 0.5* | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 1.0 | 0.3 |
| Desulfovibrionaceae | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 1.5 | 0.8* | 0.1 | 0.0 | 2.9 | 0.9* | 0.8 | 0.6 | |
| Enterobacteriaceae | 10.3 | 1.7* | 0.5 | 0.1* | 0.3 | 0.1* | 9.9 | 0.9* | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0* | |
| Pseudomonadaceae | 0.7 | 0.0* | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0* | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| uncultured | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.7 | |
| Synergistetes | Synergistaceae | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.8 | 4.1 | 12.1 | 6.3* | 0.0 | 0.0 | 34.5 | 6.5* | 29.7 | 10.9* |
| Verrucomicrobia | Akkermansiaceae | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.5 | 0.7 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 0.0 |
| Reciprocal Simpson Diversity Index | 5.9 | 4.1 | 12.4 | 16.2 | 12.3 | 15.9 | 6.9 | 4.6 | 7.0 | 14.2 | 8.8 | 13.5 | |