Table 5.
Comparison of probiotic and synbiotic treatment. Average increase in acetate (mM), propionate (mM), butyrate (mM), lactate (mM), branched SCFA (mM), Bifidobacterium (log 16S rRNA gene copies/mL), Lactobacillus (log 16S rRNA gene copies/mL), Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (log 16S rRNA gene copies/mL) and Akkermansia muciniphila (log 16S rRNA gene copies/mL) levels in the ascending (AC), transverse (TC) and descending colon (DC) of the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®) at the end of the treatment period with the probiotic and synbiotic formulation as compared to their respective control period for three different human donors (n = 3/donor). For optimal observation of consistent effects over the different donors tested, the average of the three donors is presented (n = 9). Results from the probiotic formulation were retrieved from a previous study performed by our research group (Duysburgh et al., 2019). Statistically significant differences between the probiotic and the synbiotic treatment group, are indicated with bold (p < 0.05).
| AC |
TC |
DC |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Synbiotic | Probiotic | Synbiotic | Probiotic | Synbiotic | Probiotic | |
| Acetate (mM) | +0.02 | +3.13 | +10.75 | +5.48 | +8.94 | +5.84 |
| Propionate (mM) | −0.83 | +2.16 | +1.75 | +1.75 | +2.49 | +1.23 |
| Butyrate (mM) | +14.36 | +2.62 | +13.58 | +0.80 | +11.08 | +0.33 |
| Lactate (mM) | +0.51 | −0.04 | +0.93 | +0.18 | +1.09 | +0.11 |
| Branched SCFA (mM) | −0.23 | +0.21 | −0.19 | +0.08 | −0.22 | +0.01 |
|
Bifidobacterium spp. (log 16S copies/mL) |
+0.66 | +0.49 | +0.48 | +0.16 | +0.38 | −0.07 |
|
Lactobacillus spp. (log 16S copies/mL) |
+1.89 | +0.23 | +2.04 | +0.26 | +2.02 | +0.14 |
|
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (log 16S copies/mL) |
below LOD | below LOD | +2.96 | +0.49 | +2.85 | +1.11 |
|
Akkermansia muciniphila (log 16S copies/mL) |
below LOD | below LOD | +0.76 | +0.37 | +0.90 | −0.18 |