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Effects of cigarette smoke extract on early adipogenic genes in human primary orbital fibroblasts. Orbital fibroblasts from patients with GO were stimulated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) or differentiation cocktail (DC) for 30–120 min. Gene expression was quantified with RT-PCR of CYR61 (A) and PTGS2 (B) with cyclophilin A as endogenous control. Values are the mean ± s.d. of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05.
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