Table 4. Factors associated with anemia among diabetic outpatients attending Dessie Referral Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia, 2018.
| Variables | Crude OR (95%CI) | P–value | Adjusted OR (95%CI) | P–value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | ||||
| ≥ 60 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| > 60 | 3.89 (2.23–6.77) | < 0.001 | 2.41 (1.11–5.21) | 0.026 |
| Sex | P < 0.001 | |||
| Male | 2.25 (1.44–3.51) | < 0.001 | 1.12 (0.55–2.61) | 0.653 |
| Female | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Type of diabetes, n (%) | ||||
| Type 1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Type 2 | 3.80 (1.88–7.67) | 0.002 | 2.40 (1.14–5.08) | 0.022 |
| Duration of diabetes, n (%) | ||||
| ≤ 10 years | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| > 10 years | 8.69 (4.57–16.52) | < 0.001 | 1.67 (0.68–4.08) | 0.260 |
| Currently consume alcohol | ||||
| Yes | 1.80 (1.13–2.87) | 0.013 | 1.23 (0.65–2.35) | 0.523 |
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Hypertension, n (%) | ||||
| Present | 13.86 (8.23–23.34) | < 0.001 | 3.78 (1.35–10.57) | 0.011 |
| Absent | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 1.08 (1.06–1.10) | < 0.001 | 1.05 (1.02–1.08) | < 0.001 |
| Fasting blood glucose (mg/dl) | (1.00–1.01) | 0.004 | 1.01 (0.98–1.03) | 0.895 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dl) | 6.19 (3.03–12.65) | < 0.001 | 12.80 (3.90–87.98) | < 0.001 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | ||||
| ≥ 90 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| 60–89.9 | 1.49 (0.89–2.50) | 0.132 | 1.51 (0.82–3.09) | 0.174 |
| < 60 | 6.32 (3.41–11.73) | < 0.001 | 9.50 (4.05–22.28) | < 0.001 |
| Albuminuria | ||||
| Present | 2.55 (1.63–3.98) | < 0.001 | 1.23 (0.69–2.18) | 0.502 |
| Absent | 1.00 | 1.00 |
CI = confidence interval; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; OR = odds ratio