Figure 1.

AMD by the layers. BrM consists of the ICL, EL, and OCL. Soft drusen and BLinD are two forms (lump and layer) of the same AMD-specific extracellular deposit. BLamD is a thickening of the RPE-BL. Basal mound is soft druse material within BLamD. Subretinal drusenoid deposit localizes to the subretinal space (between photoreceptors and RPE). RPE cells contain melanosomes, lipofuscin and melanolipofuscin, and mitochondria that provide signals for color fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence, and OCTs. Abbreviations from inner to outer: ONL, outer nuclear layer; ELM, external limiting membrane; IS, inner segments of photoreceptors; OS, outer segments of photoreceptors; R, rods; C, cones; L, lipofuscin; M, melanosome; ML, melanolipofuscin; Mt, mitochondria; Mu, Müller glia; circles, lipoprotein particles.