Table 2. University of São Paulo Reasons for Smoking Scale scores, for the sample as a whole and by gender.^a .

USP-RSS domain	Total	Male	Female	p*
	(n = 183)	(n = 78)	(n = 105)
Physical dependence	3.5 ± 1.3	3.4 ± 1.3	3.5 ± 1.3	0.3
Pleasure of smoking	3.9 ± 1.1	3.7 ± 1.3	4.1 ± 1.2	0.01
Tension reduction	3.6 ± 1.2	3.4 ± 1.2	4.0 ± 1.2	0.005
Stimulus	2.5 ± 1.2	2.3 ± 1.2	2.6 ± 1.4	0.3
Automatism	2.2 ± 1.2	2.1 ± 1.1	2.2 ± 1.1	0.9
Handling	2.8 ± 1.3	3.4 ± 1.3	3.5 ± 1.3	0.5
Social smoking	2.2 ± 1.3	2.1 ± 1.2	2.2 ± 1.4	0.5
Weight control	2.1 ± 1.5	1.7 ± 1.2	2.4 ± 1.6	0.002
Close association	2.9 ± 1.4	2.9 ± 1.3	3.0 ± 1.4	0.7

USP-RSS: University of São Paulo Reasons for Smoking Scale. ^aData are presented as mean ± standard deviation. *Unpaired t-test.