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. 2019 Sep 6;11:646–653. doi: 10.1016/j.dadm.2019.07.004

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© 2019 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Fig. 1 — Plasma lipocalin-2 levels in preclinical AD group are higher than the control group. Lipocalin-2 levels were measured in fasting plasma samples by a commercial immunoassay. (A) Using CSF Aβ₄₂ only as a criterion, preclinical AD group had higher plasma lipocalin-2 levels than control group (plasma lipocalin-2: 71.5 ± 20 for control and 82.0 ± 23.7 ng/mL, P = .007, n = 118 control and 38 preclinical AD subjects). (B) Using all three CSF AD biomarkers (Aβ₄₂, tau, and p-tau₁₈₁), plasma lipocalin-2 levels in preclinical AD group were higher than the control group (plasma lipocalin-2: 71.5 ± 20 for control and 82.9 ± 25.1 ng/mL, P = .0196, n = 118 control and 22 preclinical AD subjects). All individual values are presented with bars for means and standard deviations. *P < .05 and **P < .01. Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer's disease; Aβ, amyloid-beta; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid.