Table 1.

Descriptive statistics of the variables for three time periods

	Mean			Standard deviation			Coefficient of variation, %
	1996–2014	2005–2014	2010–2014	1996–2014	2005–2014	2010–2014	1996–2014	2005–2014	2010–2014
EF	17.85	19.70	20.28	25.78	16.37	16.75	14	8	8
TR	6.72	11.20	18.68	8.23	9.36	7.41	122	84	40
TD	265.01	416.38	469.84	176.99	83.82	43.72	66	20	9
EC	1451.60	1452.35	1419.57	81.35	102	93.19	6	7	7
UR	4.49	4.78	5.01	0.38	0.27	0.14	9	6	3
GE	−0.79	−0.68	−0.64	0.17	0.15	0.21	22	22	32
RQ	−0.63	−0.41	−0.38	0.29	0.09	0.07	45	23	18

EF ecological footprint, in mln hectares; TR tourism receipts, in bn constant US dollars; TD trade, in billion constant US dollars; EC energy consumption, in kg of oil equivalent; UR urbanization, in mln persons; GE government efficiency; RQ regulatory quality