Table 1.

Regression analyses of endurance and FA with cognitive subscores.

		Baseline regression Endurance	Full model regression Endurancea	Baseline regression FA	Full model regression FAa
Picture Sequence Memory: [non-verbal] episodic memory	ß	0.510**	0.109**	0.158**	0.119**
	p-value	0.000	0.002	0.000	0.001
	df	1187	800	1048	714
Dimensional Change Card Sort Test: executive function & cognitive flexibility	ß	0.574**	0.155**	0.054	0.038
	p-value	0.000	0.000	0.080	0.316
	df	1187	800	1048	714
Flanker Inhibitory Control and Attention Test: executive function	ß	0.524**	0.132**	0.021	0.020
	p-value	0.000	0.000	0.503	0.593
	df	1187	800	1048	714
Penn Progressive Matrices, total correct responses: fluid intelligence	ß	0.735**	0.171**	0.071*	0.073
	p-value	0.000	0.000	0.021	0.051
	df	1187	800	1048	714
Oral Reading Recognition Test: reading decoding skills	ß	0.518**	0.119**	0.084**	0.065
	p-value	0.000	0.001	0.007	0.083
	df	1178	800	1044	714
Picture Vocabulary Test: vocabulary knowledge	ß	0.711**	0.116**	0.087**	0.071
	p-value	0.000	0.001	0.005	0.059
	df	1187	800	1048	714
Pattern Comparison Processing Speed Test	ß	0.574**	0.145**	0.072*	0.057
	p-value	0.000	0.000	0.020	0.126
	df	1187	800	1048	714
Delay Discounting, 40k: Self-regulation/Impulsivity	ß	0.210**	0.083*	0.082**	0.035
	p-value	0.000	0.019	0.008	0.353
	df	1179	800	1045	714
Variable Short Penn Line Orientation, total correct items: spatial orientation processing	ß	0.448**	0.129**	0.016	−0.002
	p-value	0.000	0.000	0.608	0.947
	df	1178	800	1045	714
Short Penn Continuous Performance Test, specificity of right decisions: Sustained attention	ß	0.222**	0.085*	0.096**	0.023
	p-value	0.000	0.016	0.002	0.541
	df	1179	800	1045	714
Penn Word Memory Test: verbal episodic memory	ß	0.312**	0.083*	0.131**	0.117**
	p-value	0.000	0.018	0.000	0.002
	df	1179	800	1045	714
List Sorting Working Memory Test	ß	0.582**	0.064	0.059	0.098**
	p-value	0.000	0.070	0.056	0.009
	df	1187	800	1048	714

^aFull regression model controls for age, sex, education years, BMI HbA1c, Systolic Blood Pressure.

Endurance: This test measures sub-maximal cardiovascular endurance by recording the distance that the participant is able to walk on a 50-foot (out and back) course in 2 minutes. The participant’s raw score is the distance in feet and inches walked in 2 minutes. The raw scores are normed to a scale score with mean = 100, 1 SD = 15.

FA: Fractional anisotropy, mean value extracted from the FA-global cognition association results mask.

ß: Standardized ß-Coefficients from regression analyses with the cognitive scores as the dependent variables.

df: degrees of freedom, all available data was used for the respective analyses leading to different degrees of freedom for different models.

For more information on the cognitive subscores see Supplementary Methods 1.