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. 2019 Sep 3;13:394. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00394

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Copyright © 2019 Sun, Jung, Arvola, Santoso, Giffard, Yang and Stary.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of post-injury intravenous treatment with exosomes from mouse NSCs on in vivo injury from transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). (A) Injury and treatment workflow. Mice were subjected to 1 h MCAO and treated after 2 h reperfusion with either intravenous (IV) saline or exosomes derived from mouse NSCs. (B) Quantification of infarct volume 4 days after MCAO in mice treated with either saline or mouse NSC-derived exosomes. (C) Representative TTC-stained brain sections with saline or exosome treatment (infarcted areas are lighter in color). (D) Neurological deficit 24 h following MCAO in mice treated with saline or NSC-derived exosomes. Data are expressed as mean ± SD, ^∗∗p < 0.0046 versus saline (control) and exosome; n = 15–14/treatment group. TTC = 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride.