Fig. 5. LMCD1 is essential for RUNX2 and Smad1 stabilization.

a RUNX2-linked and Smad1-linked ubiquitin was measured by immunoblotting in BMSCs with upregulation or downregulation of LMCD1 expression. b The interaction of LMCD1 and RUNX2 in BMSCs was detected by co-immunoprecipitation. c, d The expression of RUNX2 was measured with the presence of cycloheximide (CHX) at different time points by western blotting. e, f The expression of Smad1 was measured with the presence of CHX at different time points by western blotting. g Representative H&E staining images of transplants from different groups. Black arrow represents newly formed bone. Scale bar represents 100 µm. h Quantitative measurement of bone formation