Table 3a.
Completer intake, final outcome, and change scores for subjective/objective primary and secondary measures, mean (95% confidence interval)a, for CPAP.
| Intake CPAP (n = 21) |
Final/exit CPAP (n = 21) |
Change CPAP (n = 21)b |
Within-subjects CPAP; p, g | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary measures | ||||
| ISI | 19.48 (18.30–20.65) | 10.19 (7.61–12.77) | 9.29 (6.29–12.28) | < 0.0001, 1.39 |
| SQ-Lik | 2.95 (2.53–3.38) | 4.01 (3.52–4.51) | 1.06 (0.61–1.52) | < 0.0001, 1.04 |
| SQ-Pct (%) | 49.47 (42.53–56.41) | 64.86 (57.08–72.64) | 15.39 (6.27–24.51) | 0.002, 0.75 |
| Secondary measures | ||||
| Questionnaires | ||||
| ESS | 5.52 (3.89–7.16) | 4.86 (3.42–6.30) | 0.67 (− 0.69 to 2.02) | 0.316, 0.22 |
| III | 18.00 (15.23–20.77) | 12.00 (8.57–15.43) | 6.00 (3.07–8.93) | 0.0003, 0.91 |
| FSS | 36.81 (30.47–43.15) | 32.00 (25.79–38.21) | 4.81 (− 0.27 to 9.89) | 0.062, 0.42 |
| FOSQ-10 | 15.12 (14.08–16.17) | 16.02 (14.79–17.26) | 0.90 (− 0.30 to 2.10) | 0.132, 0.34 |
| QLESQ (%) | 61.56 (53.58–69.55) | 66.67 (58.81–74.53) | 5.10 (− 1.65 to 11.85) | 0.131, 0.34 |
| Sleep diary | ||||
| SOL | 57.40 (29.91–84.88) | 31.06 (11.37–50.75) | 26.33 (14.30–38.36) | 0.0002, 0.98 |
| WASO | 90.57 (59.83–121.30) | 40.78 (25.23–56.32) | 49.79 (18.50–81.08) | 0.0034, 0.71 |
| SE (%) | 71.87 (65.48–78.25) | 84.02 (79.86–88.17) | 12.15 (5.83–18.47) | 0.0007, 0.86 |
| PSG sleep indices | ||||
| SOL | 26.76 (11.77–41.75) | 32.85 (10.82–54.87) | 6.09 (− 26.29 to 14.12)‡ | 0.537, 0.13 |
| WASO | 68.71 (40.67–96.75) | 62.99 (41.29–84.68) | 5.72 (− 21.01 to 32.46) | 0.660, 0.10 |
| SE (%) | 77.50 (68.69–86.31) | 76.75 (67.98–85.52) | 0.75 (− 8.34 to 6.84) ‡ | 0.838, 0.04 |
| N1 (%) | 7.47 (4.18–10.76) | 6.17 (3.69–8.64) | 1.31 (− 2.25 to 4.86) | 0.453, 0.16 |
| N2 (%) | 62.28 (55.70–68.85) | 57.08 (51.96–62.20) | 5.20 (− 1.94 to 12.33) | 0.144, 0.33 |
| N3 (%) | 13.19 (8.70–17.67) | 20.73 (16.35–25.10) | 7.54 (1.99–13.10) | 0.010, 0.61 |
| REM (%) | 17.07 (13.04–21.10) | 16.03 (12.63–19.44) | 1.04 (− 2.22 to 4.30) ‡ | 0.514, 0.14 |
| REM (min) | 60.89 (43.58–78.21) | 53.76 (39.80–67.71) | 7.13 (− 6.70 to 20.96) ‡ | 0.295, 0.23 |
| REMCI | 12.28 (8.10–16.46) | 12.33 (9.44–15.21) | 0.05 (− 4.46 to 4.60) | 0.981, 0.01 |
| PSG breathing indices | ||||
| AHI | 22.83 (12.64–33.01) | 2.25 (0.60–3.65)c | 19.48 (9.66–29.30) | 0.0005, 0.89 |
| CAI | 0.28 (0.10–0.30)c | 0.40 (0.10–0.70)c | 0.10 (− 0.25 to 0.30)c | < 0.0001, 0.19c |
| RDI | 38.79 (30.56–47.02) | 20.67 (12.63–28.70) | 18.12 (10.33–25.92) | < 0.0001, 1.04 |
| RERAI | 15.97 (10.88–21.05) | 17.32 (10.41–24.24) | 1.36 (− 8.37 to 11.08) ‡ | 0.774, 0.06 |
| NSBT (%) | 50.26 (39.97–60.54) | 68.11 (56.76–79.47) | 17.86 (4.45–31.26) | 0.012, 0.59 |
| NSBT (min) | 170.15 (125.74–214.55) | 208.51 (162.83–254.20) | 38.36 (3.32–80.05) | 0.069, 0.41 |
Abbreviations: ASV — adaptive servo-ventilation; CPAP — continuous positive airway pressure; ISI — Insomnia Severity Index; SQ-Lik — Sleep quality Likert scale; SQ-Pct — Sleep quality percent scale; ESS — Epworth Sleepiness Scale; III — Insomnia Impairment Index; FSS — Fatigue Severity Scale; FOSQ-10 — Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire Short Form; QLESQ — Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire Summary; SOL — sleep onset latency; WASO — wake after sleep onset; SE — sleep efficiency; N1 — non-REM stage 1; N2 — non-REM stage 2; N3 — non-REM stage 3; REM — rapid eye movement sleep; REMCI — REM consolidation index; AHI — Apnea Hypopnea Index; RDI — Respiratory Disturbance Index; RERAI — Respiratory Effort-Related Arousal event Index; NSBT — normal sleep breathing time.
t-test confidence interval.
All changes are in expected direction (improvement) except those identified by ‡.
Due to high prevalence of “0s” in data, Exact Wilcoxon Sign Ranked Test.