Table 2.

Apical and basal rotation and rotation rates and twist and untwisting rates

Peak systolic rotation (base) (ϕbase), degrees	−0.5 ± 1.4
Time of peak, ms	375 ± 38
%Systole	115 ± 8
Peak diastolic rotation rate (base) (dϕbase/dt), degrees·s−1	57.6 ± 22.8
Time of peak, ms	425 ± 41
%Systole	131 ± 9
Peak systolic rotation (mid-2) (ϕmid-2), degrees	1.2 ± 2.4
Time of peak, ms	364 ± 43
%Systole	112 ± 9
Peak diastolic rotation rate (mid-2) (dϕmid-2/dt), degrees·s−1	−3.2 ± 27.6
Time of peak, ms	400 ± 38
%Systole	123 ± 8
Peak systolic rotation (mid-1) (ϕmid-1), degrees	6.1 ± 2.1
Time of peak, ms	325 ± 23
%Systole	100 ± 6
Peak diastolic rotation rate (mid-1) (dϕmid-1/dt), degrees·s−1	−69.1 ± 26.3
Time of peak, ms	380 ± 31
%Systole	117 ± 8
Peak systolic rotation (apex) (ϕapex), degrees	9.7 ± 2.4
Time of peak, ms	328 ± 29*
%Systole	101 ± 8*
Peak diastolic rotation rate (apex) (dϕapex/dt), degrees·s−1	−125.1 ± 42.2
Time of peak	394 ± 34*
%Systole	121 ± 11*
Peak systolic twist (θ), degrees	10.4 ± 2.6
Time of peak, ms	335 ± 29
%Systole	103 ± 7
Peak diastolic untwisting rate (dθ/dt), degrees·s−1	−144.2 ± 34.9
Time of peak, ms	412 ± 36
%Systole	126 ± 9

Values are means ± SD.

^*P < 0.001, difference from the times of peak basal rotation and rotation rate.