2. Study interventions and numbers attached to intervention.
| Substance and participants | Dose |
No. of participants included (with dropouts and placebo) |
Authors |
Total number of participants (with dropouts and placebo) |
|
| Paroxetine: 26 participants | |||||
| Palliative care patients | Paroxetine | 20 mg/d | 26 | Zylicz 2003 | 26 |
| Naltrexone: 100 participants | |||||
| UP | Naltrexone | 50 mg/d | 15 | Peer 1996 | 126 (26 from loratidine group) |
| UP | Naltrexone | 50 mg/d | 23 | Pauli‐Magnus 2000 | |
| UP | Naltrexone vs. loratadine | 50 mg/d 50 mg/d |
26 26 |
Legroux‐Crespel 2004 | |
| CP | Naltrexone | 50 mg/d | 16 | Wolfhagen 1997 | |
| CP | Naltrexone | 50 mg/d | 20 | Terg 2002 | |
| Nalfurafine: 450 participants | |||||
| UP | Nalfurafine | 5 µg 3x/week IV | 79 | Wikström 2005a | 450 |
| UP | Nalfurafine | 5 µg 3x/week IV | 34 | Wikström 2005b | |
| UP | Nalfurafine | 2.5µg/d or 5 µg/d | 337 | Kumagai 2010 | |
| Ondansetron: 270 participants | |||||
| UP | Ondansetron | 8 mg 3x/d | 24 | Murphy 2003 | 270 (10 from cyproheptadine and 67 from pregabalin group) |
| UP | Ondansetron | 8 mg 3x/d | 19 | Ashmore 2000 | |
| CP | Ondansetron | 8 mg 2x/d, 5 days | 19 | O'Donohue 2005 | |
| UP | Ondansetron/cyproheptadine | 8 mg/d, 30 days | 20 (10/10) | Özaykan 2001 | |
| UP | Ondansetron vs. pregabalin vs. placebo | ondansetron: 8 mg/d pregabalin: 75 mg twice‐weekly |
188 (64/67/57) | Yue 2015 | |
| Sertraline: 12 participants | |||||
| CP | Sertraline | 25–100 mg/d | 12 | Mayo 2007 | 12 |
| Gabapentin: 127 participants | |||||
| UP | Gabapentin | 300 mg 3x/week | 25 | Gunal 2004 | 127 (26 from ketotifen group) |
| UP | Gabapentin | 400 mg 2x/week | 34 | Naini 2007 | |
| CP | Gabapentin | 300 mg‐2400 mg/d | 16 | Bergasa 2006 | |
| UP | Gabapentin vs ketotifen | Gabapentin 100 mg daily Ketotifen 1 mg twice daily |
26 26 |
Amirkhanlou 2016 | |
| Rifampicin: 23/22 participants | |||||
| CP | Rifampicin | 300 mg 2x/d | 14 | Podesta 1991a | 45 |
| CP | Rifampicin | 150 mg 2‐3x/d | 9 | Ghent 1988 | |
| CP | Rifampicin | 10 mg/kg/d | 22 | Bachs 1989 | |
| Phenobarbitone | 3 mg/kg/d | ||||
| Doxepin: 24 participants | |||||
| UP | Doxepin | 10 mg 2x/d | 24 | Pour‐Reza‐Gholi 2007 | 24 |
| Cholestyramine: 18 participants | |||||
| UP | Cholestyramine | 5 g 2x/d | 10 | Silverberg 1977 | 18 |
| CP | Cholestyramine | 4 g/d | 8 for 2 weeks each | Duncan 1984 | |
| Terfenadine | 60‐180 mg/d | ||||
| Chlorpheniramine | 4 mg–12 mg/d | ||||
| Colesevelam: 38 participants | |||||
| CP | Colesevelam | 1875 mg 2x/d | 38 | Kuiper 2010 | 38 |
| Thalidomide: 29 participants | |||||
| UP | Thalidomide | 100 mg/d | 29 | Silva 1994 | 29 |
| Montelukast: 16 participants | |||||
| UP | Montelukast | 10 mg/d | 16 | Nasrollahi 2007 | 16 |
| Flumecinol: 69 participants | |||||
| CP | Flumecinol low dose | 600 mg 1x/week | 50 | Turner 1994a | 69 |
| CP | Flumecinol high dose | 300 mg/d | 19 | Turner 1994b | |
| Erythropoietin: 20 participants | |||||
| UP | Erythropoietin | 36 units/kg body weight 3x/week IV | 20 | De Marchi 1992 | 20 |
| Cromolyn Sodium: 122 participants | |||||
| UP | Topical cromolyn sodium (CS) | Topical CS 4% 2x/d | 60 | Feily 2012 | 122 |
| UP | Oral CS | 135 mg 3x/d | 62 | Vessal 2010 | |
| Activated oral charcoal: 11 participants | |||||
| UP | Activated oral charcoal | 6 g/d | 20 | Pederson 1980 | 11 |
| Propofol: 12 participants | |||||
| CP | Propofol | 15 mg (1.5 mL)/d IV | 12 | Borgeat 1993 | 12 |
| Lidocaine: 18 participants | |||||
| CP | Lidocaine | 100 mg/d IV | 18 | Villamil 2005 | 18 |
| Topical capsaicin: 105 participants | |||||
| UP | Capsaicin | 0.03% ointment 4x/d | 34 | Makhlough 2010 | 105 |
| UP | Capsaicin | 0.025% cream 4x/d | 19 | Tarng 1996 | |
| UP | Capsaicin | 0.025% cream 4x/d | 22 | Cho 1997 | |
| UP | Capsaicin | 0.025% cream 4x/d | 7 | Breneman 1992a | |
| Tacrolimus: 22 participants | |||||
| UP | Tacrolimus | 0.1% ointment 2x/d | 22 | Duque 2005 | 22 |
| Pramoxine‐HCl: 28 participants | |||||
| UP | Pramoxine‐HCl | 1% lotion 2x/d | 28 | Young 2009 | 28 |
| Hydroxyzine/Pentoxifylline/Indomethacin/Triamcinolone: 65 participants per intervention | |||||
| HIV‐1 disease patients | Hydroxyzine‐HCl with or without doxepin‐HCl at night | 25 mg 3x/d or 25 mg at bedtime | 10 | Smith 1997a | 65 (10 from pentoxifylline, 10 from indomethacin, 10 from triamcinolone, 8 from avena sativa and 9 from vinegar group) |
| Pentoxifylline | 400 mg 3x/d | 10 | |||
| Indomethacin | 25 mg 3x/d | 10 | |||
| Triamcinolone | 0.025% lotion120 mL/week | 10 | |||
| UP | Hydroxyzine vs avena sativa vs vinegar | Hydroxyzine tablet, 10‐mg tablets every night Avena sativa lotion, twice daily Vinegar solution (30‐mL synthetic white vinegar 5% in 500 mL of water), twice daily |
25 (8/8/9) | Nakhaee 2015 | |
| Ergocalciferol: 50 participants | |||||
| UP | Ergocalciferol | 50.000 IU capsule, 1 pill/week | 50 | Shirazian 2013 | 50 |
| Nicotinamide: 50 participants | |||||
| UP | Nicotinamide | 500 mg 2x/d | 50 | Omidian 2013 | 50 |
| Omega‐3 fatty acids: 22 participants | |||||
| UP | Omega‐3 fatty acids | 1 g omega‐3 capsule 3x/d | 22 | Ghanei 2012 | 22 |
| Turmeric: 100 participants | |||||
| UP | Turmeric | 500 mg 3x/d | 100 | Pakfetrat 2014 | 100 |
| Zinc sulphate: 80 participants | |||||
| UP | Zinc sulphate | 220 mg 2x/d | 40 | Najafabadi 2012 | 80 |
| UP | Zinc sulphate | 220 mg daily | 40 | Mapar 2015 | |
CP: cholestatic pruritus; CS: cromolyn sodium; IU: international unit; UP: uraemic pruritus.