Young 2009.

Methods	RCT Vehicle‐controlled Parallel‐group design
Participants	Pruritus: UP        Description: participants with ESRD on haemodialysis Number of participants randomised: 28 1% pramoxine HCl lotion: 14 Cetapil lotion: 14 Number of participants evaluable: 27 1% pramoxine HCl lotion: 13 Cetapil lotion: 14 Withdrawals/dropouts: 1 Reason for dropout: unrelated subject death Age (range): 18‐70 years Sex (male/female): 14/14 Underlying disease(s): ESRD Participant pool: single‐centre Setting: inpatient Haemodialysis: at least 3 months Baseline pruritus assessment: yes Duration/severity of pruritus: symptoms of itch in a regular pattern over 6 months; at least 2 episodes of itch > 2 minutes within 2 weeks Baseline parameters: (mean ± SD) Pruritus relief (measured by VAS 10 cm): 5.5 (no SD) Quality of life (measured by Investigator Global Assessment, 0‐6, higher values = worse): 4.11 ± 1.13 Burning/stinging (measured by scale 1‐3): 0.14 ± 0.45
Interventions	Intervention 1: pramoxine HCl (1%) Intervention 2: mousterizing lotion (Cetaphil) Additional medication: no information Route of administration: topical to all affected areas of pruritus/2x daily Duration of treatment: 4 weeks Follow‐up: baseline ‐ week 1‐ week 4
Outcomes	Pruritus assessment: VAS 10 cm Adverse events Additional outcomes: Erythaema, xerosis, and lichenification (assessed by a 3‐point‐Likert scale with '0' indication no symptoms and with '3' representing severe) Indidvidual pruritus history and assessment questionnaire Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) of response to treatment Skin hydration measurements using the MoistureMeter pico
Notes	—
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Randomised; method not stated
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No information provided
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Double‐blind; unclear who was blinded
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No information provided
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	One participant lost because of unrelated subject death; not reported if intention‐to‐treat analysis
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Inclusion and exclusion criteria inadequately described; insufficient data on pruritus VAS (no confidence interval, only graphical illustration)
Size of study (possible biases confounded by small size)	High risk	Number of participants randomised: 28
Other bias	Unclear risk	Assessment of compliance not stated; possible carryover effect not mentioned