Table 4.
Symptoms and severity of disease, HR-QoL, quality of sleep, level of physical activity and depression/anxiety
| EARLY-MORNING SYMPTOMS | DAY-TIME SYMPTOMS | NIGHT-TIME SYMPTOMS | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | p-value | No | Yes | p-value | No | Yes | p-value | |
| A. CB (N = 351) | |||||||||
| GOLD combined COPD assessment (N, %) | |||||||||
| n | 72 | 279 | 73 | 278 | 163 | 188 | |||
| GROUP A | 28 (36.8) | 48 (63.2) | <.0001 | 25 (32.9) | 51 (67.1) | 0.0002 | 52 (68.4) | 24 (31.6) | <.0001 |
| GROUP B | 29 (21.8) | 104 (78.2) | 34 (25.6) | 99 (74.4) | 65 (48.9) | 68 (51.1) | |||
| GROUP C | 6 (10.2) | 53 (89.8) | 8 (13.6) | 51 (86.4) | 24 (40.7) | 35 (59.3) | |||
| GROUP D | 9 (10.8) | 74 (89.2) | 6 (7.2) | 77 (92.8) | 22 (26.5) | 61 (73.5) | |||
| SGRQ scores (mean ± SD) | |||||||||
| n | 71 | 268 | 71 | 268 | 159 | 180 | |||
| symptoms | 19.4 ± 16.2 | 49.7 ± 19.7 | <.0001 | 18.5 ± 14.7 | 49.9 ± 19.6 | <.0001 | 31.4 ± 20.3 | 53.9 ± 19.2 | <.0001 |
| activity | 40.4 ± 17.6 | 53.0 ± 21.6 | <.0001 | 39.0 ± 17.6 | 53.4 ± 21.4 | <.0001 | 42.2 ± 19.0 | 57.6 ± 20.9 | <.0001 |
| impacts | 14.6 ± 12.0 | 26.5 ± 19.4 | <.0001 | 13.4 ± 12.0 | 26.8 ± 19.2 | <.0001 | 15.7 ± 13.1 | 31.3 ± 19.9 | <.0001 |
| total | 23.4 ± 12.6 | 38.2 ± 18.2 | <.0001 | 22.1 ± 12.4 | 38.5 ± 17.9 | <.0001 | 26.3 ± 13.8 | 42.9 ± 18.0 | <.0001 |
| CASIS scores (mean ± SD) | |||||||||
| n | 70 | 274 | 70 | 274 | 161 | 183 | |||
| total | 10.7 ± 12.3 | 21.5 ± 16.8 | <.0001 | 9.1 ± 11.1 | 21.9 ± 16.7 | < 0.0001 | 9.3 ± 9.7 | 28.1 ± 16.4 | <.0001 |
| HADS scores (mean ± SD) | |||||||||
| n | 69 | 263 | 69 | 263 | 156 | 176 | |||
| total | 8.3 ± 6.2 | 10.4 ± 7.0 | 0.0279 | 7.1 ± 5.9 | 10.7 ± 7.0 | < 0.0001 | 8.0 ± 6.2 | 11.7 ± 7.1 | < 0.0001 |
| n | 70 | 266 | 70 | 266 | 157 | 179 | |||
| anxiety | 4.4 ± 3.5 | 5.3 ± 4.0 | > 0.05 | 3.8 ± 3.4 | 5.5 ± 4.0 | 0.0018 | 4.1 ± 3.5 | 6.0 ± 4.0 | < 0.0001 |
| n | 69 | 265 | 69 | 265 | 156 | 178 | |||
| depression | 3.8 ± 3.0 | 5.1 ± 3.7 | 0.009 | 3.3 ± 3.0 | 5.2 ± 3.6 | < 0.0001 | 3.9 ± 3.1 | 5.6 ± 3.8 | < 0.0001 |
| IPAQ Level of physical activity (N, %) | |||||||||
| n | 17 | 96 | 19 | 94 | 50 | 63 | |||
| Low | 4 (10.0) | 36 (90.0) | > 0.05 | 4 (10.0) | 36 (90.0) | > 0.05 | 19 (47.5) | 21 (52.5) | > 0.05 |
| Moderate | 12 (16.7) | 60 (83.3) | 14 (19.4) | 58 (80.6) | 30 (41.7) | 42 (58.3) | |||
| High | 1 (100.0) | 0 (0) | 1 (100.0) | 0 (0) | 1 (100.0) | 0 (0) | |||
| B. EM (N = 215) | |||||||||
| GOLD combined COPD assessment (N, %) | |||||||||
| n | 52 | 163 | 48 | 167 | 130 | 85 | |||
| GROUP A | 24 (36.4) | 42 (63.6) | 0.0009 | 23 (34.8) | 43 (65.2) | 0.0075 | 48 (72.7) | 18 (27.3) | 0.0035 |
| GROUP B | 14 (32.6) | 29 (67.4) | 10 (23.3) | 33 (76.7) | 22 (51.2) | 21 (48.8) | |||
| GROUP C | 11 (19.3) | 46 (80.7) | 11 (19.3) | 46 (80.7) | 39 (68.4) | 18 (31.6) | |||
| GROUP D | 3 (6.1) | 46 (93.9) | 4 (8.2) | 45 (91.8) | 21 (42.9) | 28 (57.1) | |||
| SGRQ scores (mean ± SD) | |||||||||
| n | 50 | 154 | 46 | 158 | 122 | 82 | |||
| symptoms | 20.8 ± 14.7 | 47.1 ± 18.6 | <.0001 | 23.7 ± 17.8 | 45.6 ± 19.3 | <.0001 | 33.2 ± 18.9 | 51.7 ± 19.2 | <.0001 |
| activity | 39.7 ± 20.8 | 52.2 ± 20.5 | 0.0003 | 34.8 ± 17.4 | 53.3 ± 20.4 | <.0001 | 43.7 ± 18.7 | 57.2 ± 22.3 | <.0001 |
| impacts | 13.9 ± 11.5 | 25.5 ± 19.9 | <.0001 | 11.1 ± 8.7 | 26.0 ± 19.7 | <.0001 | 16.1 ± 12.7 | 32.5 ± 22.0 | <.0001 |
| total | 22.7 ± 13.0 | 37.0 ± 18.1 | <.0001 | 20.3 ± 10.6 | 37.4 ± 18.0 | <.0001 | 27.1 ± 13.3 | 43.0 ± 20.0 | <.0001 |
| CASIS scores (mean ± SD) | |||||||||
| n | 51 | 162 | 47 | 166 | 129 | 84 | |||
| total | 7.2 ± 8.2 | 16.8 ± 15.8 | <.0001 | 7.1 ± 10.0 | 16.6 ± 15.4 | < 0.0001 | 8.0 ± 8.7 | 24.6 ± 16.8 | <.0001 |
| HADS scores (mean ± SD) | |||||||||
| n | 45 | 151 | 42 | 154 | 121 | 75 | |||
| total | 6.5 ± 5.5 | 9.6 ± 6.5 | 0.0039 | 5.1 ± 5.1 | 9.9 ± 6.3 | < 0.0001 | 7.2 ± 5.6 | 11.7 ± 6.6 | < 0.0001 |
| n | 46 | 153 | 44 | 155 | 123 | 76 | |||
| anxiety | 3.4 ± 3.0 | 4.8 ± 3.3 | 0.0079 | 2.7 ± 2.4 | 4.9 ± 3.3 | < 0.0001 | 3.8 ± 3.0 | 5.5 ± 3.5 | 0.0002 |
| n | 48 | 152 | 43 | 157 | 123 | 77 | |||
| depression | 3.3 ± 3.3 | 4.9 ± 3.9 | 0.0107 | 2.6 ± 3.2 | 5.0 ± 3.8 | 0.0002 | 3.4 ± 3.3 | 6.2 ± 3.9 | < 0.0001 |
| IPAQ Level of physical activity (N, %) | |||||||||
| n | 17 | 55 | 15 | 57 | 54 | 18 | |||
| Low | 2 (15.4) | 11 (84.6) | > 0.05 | 1 (7.7) | 12 (92.3) | 0.0265 | 8 (61.5) | 5 (38.5) | > 0.05 |
| Moderate | 14 (24.6) | 43 (75.4) | 12 (21.1) | 45 (78.9) | 44 (77.2) | 13 (22.8) | |||
| High | 1 (50.0) | 1 (50.0) | 2 (100.0) | 0 (0) | 2 (100.0) | 0 (0) | |||
The percentages of the GOLD combined COPD assessment are computed by row, i.e. over the total number of patients in Groups A, B, C, D respectively. Similarly, the percentages of IPAQ Level of physical activity are computed by row, i.e. over the total number of patients in the low, moderate, severe classes respectively
For SGRQ, CASIS and HADS scores T-test p-values (pts with symptoms vs. pts. without symptoms) are shown. Chi-square test p-values of GOLD combined COPD assessment vs. presence/absence of (early-morning, day-time, night-time) symptoms are shown. Fisher exact test p-values of IPAQ Level of physical activity vs. presence/absence of (early-morning, day-time, night-time) symptoms are shown. P-values < 0.0005 (alpha adjusted for multiple comparisons) are in bold
CASIS COPD and Asthma Sleep Impact Scale. CB Chronic Bronchitis. EM Emphysema. HADS Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. IPAQ International Physical Activity Questionnaire. SGRQ St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire