Fig. 1.

Effects of putrescine on cell proliferation and migration in IPEC-J2 cells. a Addition of putrescine to culture medium rescued the growth of cells treated with DFMO. The IPEC-J2 cells were cultured in 24-well plates with or without DFMO or putrescine, and cell numbers were determined at 0 h, 24 h, 72 h, and 120 h with the CCK-8 kit. b Pretreatment with putrescine prevented an inhibitory effect of DFMO on cell migration. IPEC-J2 were cultured in a 6-well plate with or without DFMO or putrescine. Cells were treated with mitomycin C for 24 h before scratching. Images were taken immediately after scratching (0 h) and at 8 h post scratching to calculate area covered by cell migration. The scratched borders were enhanced with black lines. c Western blotting of Phospho-ERK1/2, phospho-FAK and ODC. d Western blotting of total-ERK1/2 and total-FAK. Values are means ± SE, n = 4. Means with different letters are different (P < 0.05). CCK-8, cell counting kit-8; Ctrl, control; DFMO, difluoromethyl ornithine; IPEC-J2, porcine intestinal epithelial cells; P-ERK1/2, phospho-ERK1/2; P-FAK, phospho-FAK; Put, putrescine