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. 2019 Sep 10;10:69. doi: 10.1186/s40104-019-0379-9

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 2 — Putrescine attenuated gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines in LPS-treated IPEC-J2 cells. The IPEC-J2 cells were seeded in 6 well plates, and pretreated for 48 h with or without 200 μmol/L putrescine. The cells were challenged with or without 100 μg/mL LPS, and mRNA levels for proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α (a), IL-8 (b), and IL-6 (c) were quantified by qPCR at 4 h after challenge. Values are means ± SE, n = 4. Means with different letters are different (P < 0.05). Ctrl, control; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; IL-6, interleukin 6; IL-8, interleukin 8; IPEC-J2, porcine intestinal epithelial cells; LPS, lipopolysaccharides; Put, putrescine; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α