Fig. 4.

Expression of signaling pathway proteins. Pups were euthanized at PN21 (before weaning) (A–D) or PN90 (after adult diets) (E). Tissue homogenates were separated by SDS-PAGE and protein-quantified using Western blot followed by densitometry. Blots were normalized to total protein using Ponceau’s staining or the nonphosphorylated form of the protein as indicated and bands were quantified by densitometry. Samples obtained at PN21 were probed for phospho (p)/total STAT3, n = 5–6 (A); phospho (p), total, and phospho (p)/total AKT, n = 5–6 (B); PTP1B, n = 5–6 (C); and phospho (p), total, and phospho (p)/total VEGFR2, n = 5–6 (D). Data in A–D were analyzed by unpaired t-test; statistical significance was set at P = 0.05 (*). Samples obtained at PN90 were probed for phospho (p)/total STAT3 and PTP1B, n = 6 (E). Data in E were analyzed by two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc; no significant differences were observed. CD, control diet; HFD, high-fat diet; p, phospho; PN, postnatal day; PTPB1, protein tyrosine phosphatase B1; t, total; VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor.