Table 1.
Distribution of all childhood mortality rates with 95% confidence interval (CI), TDHS 2004–2016
| Variables | NMR | PMR | IMR | CMR | U5MR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Community level factor | |||||
| Residence type | |||||
| Urban | 33 (29 ― 38) | 18 (14 ― 21) | 51 (45 ― 57) | 17 (13 ―20) | 68 (61 ― 74) |
| Rural | 21 (19 ― 23) | 23 (21 ― 25) | 44 (41 ― 47) | 15 (14 ―17) | 59 (56 ― 63) |
| Socioeconomic level factor | |||||
| Household wealth index | |||||
| Rich | 31 (25 ― 36) | 19 (15 ― 23) | 50 (43 ― 57) | 10 (7 ― 13) | 60 (53 ― 68) |
| Middle | 24 (21 ― 27) | 21 (18 ― 24) | 45 (41 ― 49) | 17 (14 ―19) | 62 (57 ― 67) |
| Poor | 21 (19 ― 24) | 23 (20 ― 26) | 44 (40 ― 48) | 16 (14 ―19) | 61 (56 ― 65) |
| Mother’s education | |||||
| Secondary or higher | 28 (21 ― 35) | 12 (7 ― 16) | 41 (32 ― 49) | 5 (2 ― 8) | 45 (36 ― 54) |
| Primary | 25 (23 ― 28) | 22 (19 ― 24) | 47 (44 ― 50) | 16 (14 ―18) | 63 (59 ― 67) |
| No education | 18 (15 ― 22) | 26 (22 ― 30) | 44 (39 ― 49) | 18 (15 ―22) | 62 (56 ― 68) |
| Mother’s working status | |||||
| Working | 23 (21 ― 25) | 23 (21 ― 26) | 46 (43 ― 49) | 16 (14 ―18) | 62 (59 ― 66) |
| Not working | 28 (23 ― 33) | 15 (11 ― 19) | 43 (37 ― 49) | 13 (10 ―17) | 56 (49 ― 63) |
| Father’s education | |||||
| Secondary or higher | 31 (24 ― 38) | 15 (10 ― 19) | 46 (38 ― 54) | 8 (4 ― 11) | 53 (45 ― 63) |
| Primary | 22 (20 ― 25) | 21 (19 ― 23) | 44 (40 ― 47) | 18 (16 ―20) | 61 (57 ― 65) |
| No education | 20 (15 ― 24) | 29 (24 ― 34) | 49 (42 ― 55) | 14 (10 ―17) | 62 (54 ― 70) |
| Individual level factor | |||||
| Mother’s age (Years) | |||||
| 30―39 | 24 (21 ― 27) | 20 (17 ― 23) | 44 (40 ― 48) | 15 (13 ―18) | 59 (54 ― 64) |
| < 20 | 37 (28 ― 47) | 18 (11 ― 24) | 55 (43 ― 66) | 11 (6 ― 16) | 66 (53 ― 78) |
| 20―29 | 23 (20 ― 25) | 23 (20 ― 25) | 45 (42 ― 49) | 16 (14 ―18) | 61 (57 ― 65) |
| 40―49 | 21 (15 ― 27) | 26 (19 ― 32) | 47 (38 ― 56) | 18 (13 ―24) | 65 (54 ― 75) |
| Mother’s body mass index (MBMI, kg/m2) | |||||
| MBMI > 18.5 | 24 (22 ― 26) | 22 (20 ― 24) | 46 (43 ― 48) | 16 (14 ―17) | 61 (58 ― 64) |
| MBMI ≤18,5 | 23 (16 ― 30) | 19 (13 ― 25) | 43 (33 ― 52) | 16 (11 ―22) | 58 (48 ― 69) |
| Wanted pregnancy at the time | |||||
| Wanted then | 24 (22 ― 27) | 23 (21 ― 26) | 48 (45 ― 51) | 16 (14 ―18) | 64 (60 ― 67) |
| Wanted later | 20 (17 ― 24) | 13 (10 ― 16) | 34 (29 ― 38) | 15 (12 ―18) | 48 (42 ― 54) |
| No more | 24 (15 ― 34) | 22 (13 ― 30) | 46 (34 ― 59) | 9 (3 ― 15) | 55 (41 ― 69) |
| Birth order | |||||
| Second or third child | 36 (30 ― 41) | 24 (19 ― 30) | 60 (52 ― 68) | 33 (24 ― 41) | 91 (81 ― 101) |
| Fourth or more | 20 (16 ― 24) | 24 (20 ― 28) | 44 (39 ― 49) | 33 (26 ― 40) | 75 (68 ― 83) |
| Birth interval | |||||
| Interval ≤ 24 months | 30 (23 ― 37) | 31 (24 ― 38) | 61 (50 ― 71) | 40 (28 ― 51) | 98 (82 ― 114) |
| Interval > 24 months | 18 (15 ― 21) | 23 (20 ― 26) | 41 (38 ― 45) | 33 (27 ― 39) | 73 (66 ― 80) |
| Birth order and birth interval | |||||
| 2nd or 3rd child, interval > 2 | 18 (15 ― 22) | 20 (16 ― 23) | 38 (34 ― 43) | 15 (12 ―18) | 53 (48 ― 59) |
| First child | 35 (31 ― 40) | 21 (18 ― 25) | 57 (51 ― 63) | 15 (12 ―18) | 72 (65 ― 79) |
| 2nd or 3rd child, interval ≤ 2 | 26 (19 ― 34) | 25 (18 ― 33) | 52 (42 ― 62) | 17 (12 ―24) | 69 (58 ― 81) |
| 4th or more child, interval > 2 | 18 (15 ― 21) | 21 (18 ― 24) | 39 (34 ― 43) | 15 (13 ―18) | 54 (49 ― 59) |
| 4th or more child, interval ≤ 2 | 32 (25 ― 39) | 29 (22 ― 36) | 61 (51 ― 71) | 17 (12 ―23) | 78 (67 ― 89) |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 18 (16 ― 21) | 22 (20 ― 25) | 41 (37 ― 44) | 14 (12 ―17) | 55 (51 ― 59) |
| Male | 29 (26 ― 32) | 21 (19 ― 24) | 50 (46 ― 54) | 17 (14 ―19) | 67 (62 ― 71) |
| Mother’s perceived baby size at birth | |||||
| Average or larger | 20 (18 ― 22) | 21 (19 ― 23) | 41 (38 ― 43) | 15 (14 ―17) | 56 (53 ― 59) |
| Small or very small | 57 (47 ― 67) | 26 (20 ― 33) | 83 (72 ― 95) | 20 (15 ―26) | 104(90―117) |
| Health service factor | |||||
| Delivery assistance | |||||
| Health professional | 27 (23 ― 31) | 23 (19 ― 26) | 49 (45 ― 54) | 16 (14 ―19) | 66 (60 ― 72) |
| Non-health professional | 22 (19 ― 24) | 21 (19 ― 23) | 43 (39 ― 46) | 15 (13 ―17) | 57 (53 ― 62) |
| Mode of delivery | |||||
| Non-caesarean | 23 (21 ― 25) | 21 (20 ― 23) | 44 (42 ― 47) | 16 (14 ―18) | 60 (57 ― 63) |
| Caesarean section | 48 (35 ― 61) | 24 (15 ― 33) | 71 (55 ― 86) | 6 (2 ― 11) | 78 (62 ― 94) |
| Place of delivery | |||||
| Health facility | 28 (24 ― 33) | 18 (15 ― 22) | 47 (41 ― 52) | 14 (11 ―17) | 61 (54 ― 67) |
| Home | 20 (17 ― 22) | 23 (20 ― 26) | 42 (39 ― 46) | 17 (15 ―20) | 60 (55 ― 64) |