Table 1.
Measures by Construct.
| Measure/Construct | Description |
|---|---|
| History | |
| aParent-Child Conflict Tactics Scale (CTSPC; Straus et al., 1998) | Retrospectively report of personal experience of abuse; Physical Assault (13 items) Psychological Aggression (5 items); hi = greater frequency |
| Compliance Expectations Scale (Rodriguez et al., 2016b) | Vignettes vary on 2 dimensions (child culpability, severity); 6 items, 5-point Likert (1 = will do it again, 5 = learned their lesson); hi = low expectations |
| Knowledge of Discipline Alternatives (Rodriguez et al., 2016b) | Open-ended question; coders count discipline options provided for a vignette; hi = more nonphysical options |
| PCA Attitudes | |
| Adult Adolescent Parenting lnventory-2 (AAPI-2; Bavolek & Keene, 2001), Form A | Value of Corporal Punishment Scale; 11 items, 5-point Likert (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree); hi = greater PCA approval |
| Physical Abuse Vignettes (PAV; Shanalingigwa, 2009) | 8 vignettes with wide range of PCA levels; Yes/No judgement of abuse summed for Definition of Abuse subscale; 4-point Likert (1 = least serious, 4 = most serious) used for Severity rating; hi = less approval |
| Parent-Child Aggression Acceptability Movie Task (Parent-CAAM Task; Rodriguez et al., 2011) | Analog task with 90-sec movie clips of varying PCA levels; timed for how long before scene considered abusive; 8 clips at T1 & T2; 10-clip version (Boppana & Rodriguez, 2017) at T3; hi = greater PCA approval |
| Child Attributions | |
| Plotkin Child Vignettes (PCV; Plotkin, 1983) | 18 vignettes of child misbehavior; 9-point scale for how much child considered to be intentional; hi = more negative attribution |
| bVideo Ratings (VR; Leerkes & Siepak, 2006) | Two 1-min videos of babies crying, 6 items/video on child not crying intentionally for Negative Attribution scale; lo = more negative |
| Infant Crying Questionnaire (ICQ; Haltigan et al., 2012) | Beliefs about infant crying; 9-item Minimization scale viewing crying as manipulation; hi = more negative attributions |
| Taxes | |
| Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI; Derogatis & Melisaratos, 1983) | 18 items on frequency of depression/anxiety symptoms in past week, 5-point scale (0 = Not at all, 4 = extremely); hi = more symptoms |
| Substance Abuse & Mental Illness Scale (SAMISS; Whetten et al., 2005) | Includes 7 items on past year frequency and extent of problematic substance use; hi = greater problem |
| Revised Conflict Tactics Scale-Short (CTS-2S; Straus & Douglas, 2004) | Includes 8 item Victimization Scale on frequency of intimate partner violence; hi = greater experience of victimization |
| Resources | |
| Coping Self-Efficacy Scale (CSES; Chesney et al., 2006) | 12 items rated on 11-point scale (0 = cannot do at all to 10 = certain I can do); hi = greater competence in using problem-focused coping |
| Couple Satisfaction Index (CSI; Funk & Rogge, 2007) | 10 items rated on 6-point scale; hi = greater satisfaction with partner relationship satisfaction |
| Negative Mood Regulation Scale (NMRS; Cantanzaro & Mearns, 1990) | 30 items on ability to regulate negative mood on 5-point scale (1 = strongly agree, 5 = strongly disagree); lo = better emotion regulation |
| Social Support Resources Index (SSRI; Vaux & Harrison, 1985) | Five items rated for two closest supports on 5-point scale (1 = not satisfied, 5 = very satisfied); hi = greater social satisfaction |
| PCA Risk | |
| Child Abuse Potential Inventory (CAPI; Milner, 1986) | Screens for child abuse risk, with 77 of the 160 Agree/Disagree items variably weighted to contribute to Abuse Scale; hi = greater PCA risk |
| Adult Adolescent Parenting lnventory-2 (AAPI-2; Bavolek & Keene, 2001) Form B | 40 items on parenting beliefs/behaviors considered to characterize abusive parenting (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree); hi = greater PCA risk |
| Response Analog to Child Compliance Task (ReACCT; Rodriguez, 2016) | Analog task with 12 successive scenes, 20 responses to they react to child misbehavior for 12-item Noncompliance Scale; hi = greater PCA Risk |
| cParent-Child Conflict Tactics Scale (CTSPC; Straus et al., 1998) | Frequency of use of physical or psychological aggression tactics with their children for combined aggression; hi = greater use of PCA |
Note. See Rodriguez, Silvia, & Gaskin, 2017 for more details on these measures, with the exception of the CTSPC.
a
Retrospective CTSPC collected at T1 only;
b
Video Ratings collected T1 & T2 only;
c
Parent CTSPC collected at T3 only.