Table 3.
Antibiotic prescribing patterns in four surgical diagnoses groups at surgery departments of the TH and NTH
| UUTSI | LUTSI | RASI | EASI | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TH, N = 563 | NTH, N = 1055 | TH, N = 1624 | NTH, N = 1453 | TH, N = 2767 | NTH, N = 1240 | TH, N = 1435 | NTH, N = 1679 | |
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| Tetracyclines (J01A), n (% of N) | 32 (6) | 2 (< 1) | 50 (3) | 0 | 233 (8) | 6 (< 1) | 98 (7) | 2 (< 1) |
| Amphenicols (J01B), n (% of N) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Penicillins (J01C), n (% of N) | 17 (3) | 42 (4) | 77 (5) | 80 (6) | 219 (8) | 80 (6) | 131 (9) | 147 (9) |
| Penicillins with extended spectrum (J01CA), x (% of n) | 3 (18) | 2 (5) | 5 (6) | 4 (5) | 21 (10) | 16 (20) | 0 | 10 (7) |
| Penicillins combinations including enzyme inhibitors (J01CR), x (% of n) | 14 (82) | 40 (95) | 72 (94) | 76 (95) | 198 (90) | 64 (80) | 131 (100) | 137 (93) |
| Other beta-lactam antibiotics (J01D), n (% of N) | 70 (12) | 239 (23) | 220 (14) | 191 (13) | 535 (19) | 332 (27) | 218 (15) | 296 (18) |
| First-generation cephalosporins J01DB, x (% of n) | 19 (27) | 7 (3) | 49 (22) | 1 (< 1) | 149 (28) | 17 (5) | 50 (23) | 11 (4) |
| Second-generation cephalosporins J01 DC, x (% of n) | 0 | 9 (4) | 13 (6) | 24 (13) | 23 (4) | 41 (12) | 5 (2) | 29 (10) |
| Third-generation cephalosporins J01DD, x (% of n) | 51 (72) | 222 (93) | 158 (72) | 166 (87) | 363 (68) | 272 (82) | 162 (74) | 254 (86) |
| Fourth-generation cephalosporins J01DE, x (% of n) | 0 | 1 (< 1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (< 1) | 0 | 0 |
| Carbapenems J01DH, x (% of n) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (< 1) | 1 (< 1) | 2 (< 1) |
| Sulfonamids and trimethoprim (J01E), n (% of N) | 11 (2) | 0 | 85 (5) | 0 | 100 (4) | 0 | 16 (1) | 0 |
| Macrolids and lincosamids (J01F), n (% of N) | 38 (7) | 0 | 180 (11) | 2 (< 1) | 405 (15) | 3 (< 1) | 94 (7) | 8 (< 1) |
| Macrolids (J01FA), x (% of n) | 0 | 0 | 4 (2) | 0 | 3 (< 1) | 0 | 1 (1) | 0 |
| Lincosamids (J01FF), x (% of n) | 38 (100) | 0 | 176 (98) | 2 (100) | 402 (99) | 3 | 93 (99) | 8 (100) |
| Aminoglycosides (J01G), n (% of N) | 76 (13) | 269 (26) | 328 (20) | 449 (31) | 486 (18) | 250 (20) | 189 (13) | 225(13) |
| Quinolones (J01 M), n (% of N) | 216 (38) | 281 (27) | 609 (38) | 543 (37) | 315 (11) | 114 (9) | 263 (18) | 145 (9) |
| Fixed-dose combinations (J01R), n (% of N) | 3 (1) | 160 (15) | 22 (1) | 155 (11) | 37 (1) | 298 (24) | 17 (1) | 399 (24) |
| Quinolones and imidazole derivatives*, x (% of n) | 0 | 2 (1) | 0 | 17 (11) | 0 | 26 (9) | 0 | 22 (6) |
| Cephalosporins and enzyme inhibitors, x (% of n) | 3 (100) | 158 (99) | 22 (100) | 138 (89) | 37 | 272 (91) | 17 (100) | 377 (94) |
| Other antibiotics (J01X), n (% of N) | 100 (18) | 62 (6) | 53 (3) | 33 (2) | 437 (16) | 157 (13) | 408 (28) | 457 (27) |
| Imidazole derivatives (J01XD)**, x (% of n) | 100 (100) | 62 (97) | 53 (100) | 31 (94) | 437 (100) | 157 (100) | 408 (100) | 453 (99) |
| Other antibiotics (J01XX), x (% of n) | 0 | 2 (3) | 0 | 2 (6) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 (1) |
EASI emergency abdominal surgery indications, LUTSI lower urinary tract surgery indications, N total number of prescriptions in the diagnosis group, n number of prescriptions for the third-level ATC pharmacological sub-group, RASI routine abdominal surgery indications, UUTSI upper urinary tract surgery indications, x number of prescriptions for the fourth-level ATC pharmacological sub-group. Percentages were rounded and presented in parenthesis
*Fixed-dose combinations that were not assigned by WHOCC, a fourth level ATC-code
**The imidazole derivate group also included oral metronidazole categorized as P01AB01