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. 2019 Sep 3;10:2094. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02094

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Copyright © 2019 Mousavi, Lobo de Sá, Schulzke, Bücker, Bereswill and Heimesaat.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators following vitamin D treatment of C. jejuni infected mice. Secondary abiotic IL-10^−/− mice were treated with synthetic 25-OH-cholecalciferol (vitamin D, VitD, open circles) or placebo (PLC, closed circles) via the drinking water starting 4 days before peroral C. jejuni 81-176 strain infection on days 0 and 1. At necropsy (i.e., day 6 post-infection), (A) IL-6, (B) MCP1, (C) TNF, and (D) IFN-γ concentrations were determined in supernatants derived from colonic ex vivo biopsies. Uninfected and untreated mice (none, open diamonds) served as negative control animals. Medians (black bars), levels of significance (p-values) assessed by the Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn's post-correction and numbers of analyzed animals (in parentheses) are indicated. Data were pooled from four independent experiments.