Table 3.
Examples of gene-edited sheep and goats produced using the CRISPR/Cas9 system
| Species | Gene(s)* | Editing type | Delivery method | Transferred embryos/recipients/pregnancies | Pregnancy rate** | Obtained founders+ (birth rate***) | Mutated founders+ (targeting efficiency****) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sheep | MSTN | KO | MI | 213/55/31 | 56.3% | 35 (16.4%) | 2 (5.7%) | Han et al., 2014 |
| MSTN | KO | MI | 53/29/19 | 65.5% | 22 (41.5%) | 10 (45.4%) | Crispo et al., 2015a | |
| MSTN, ASIP, BCO2 | M-KO | MI | 578/82/34 | 41.4% | 49 (8.4%) | 36++ (73.4%) | Wang et al., 2016b# | |
| MSTN | KO | MI | 130/N.A./N.A. | N.A. | 32 (24.6%) | 5 (15.6%) | Wu et al., 2018 | |
| MSTN | KO | SCNT | 415/20/8 | 40.0% | 6 (1.4%) | 3 (50.0%) | Zhang et al., 2018c | |
| FGF5 | KO | MI | 100/53/14 | 26.4% | 18 (18.0%) | 3 (16.6%) | Hu et al., 2017 | |
| FGF5 | KO | MI | 170/101/20 | 19.8% | 20 (11.7%) | 16 (80.0%) | Li et al., 2017c | |
| ASIP | KO | MI | 92/60/6 | 10.0% | 6 (6.5%) | 5 (83.3%) | Zhang et al., 2017a | |
| BMPR1B (FecBB) | PM | MI | 279/39/16 | 41.0% | 21 (7.5%) | 7+++ (33.3%) | Zhou et al., 2018# | |
| AANAT, ASMT | KI | MI | 593/150/77 | 51.3% | 98 (16.5%) | 34 (34.6%) | Ma et al., 2017 | |
| AANAT | KI | MI | 977/181/59 | 31.5% | 79 (8.0%) | 50 (63.2%) | Tian et al., 2018b | |
| tGFP | KI | MI | 30/N.A./N.A. | N.A. | 8 (26.0%) | 1 (12.5%) | Wu et al., 2016 | |
| CFTR | KO | SCNT | 1029/73/34 | 46.5% | 33 (3.2%) | 33 (100.0%) | Fan et al., 2018 | |
| ALPL | PM | MI | 41/17/9 | 52.9% | 15 (36.5%) | 6+++ (40.0%) | Williams et al., 2018 | |
| SOCS2 | BE | MI | 20/8/3 | 37.5% | 4 (20.0%) | 3+++ (75.0%) | Zhou et al., 2019# | |
| Goat | MSTN | KO | SCNT | 269/21/7 | 33.3% | 3 (1.1%) | 3 (100.0%) | Ni et al., 2014 |
| MSTN, FGF5 | M-KO | MI | 416/137/64 | 46.7% | 93 (22.3%) | 26++ (27.9%) | Wang et al., 2015# | |
| MSTN | KO | MI | 18/5/3 | 60.0% | 4 (22.2%) | 1 (25.0%) | Guo et al., 2016 | |
| MSTN | KO | MI | N.A./7/6 | 85.7% | 8 (N.A). | 6 (75.0%) | He et al., 2018b | |
| fat-1, MSTN | KI, KO | SCNT | 134/56/8 | 14.2% | 1 (0.74%) | 1 (100.0%) | Zhang et al., 2018a | |
| BLG | KO | MI | 103/67/18 | 26.8% | 26 (25.2%) | 4 (15.3%) | Zhou et al., 2017 | |
| GDF9 | PM | MI | 56/17/13 | 76.4% | 18 (32.1%) | 6+++ (33.3%) | Niu et al., 2018# | |
| EDAR | KO | SCNT | 257/79/5 | 6.3% | 6 (2.3%) | 6 (100.0%) | Hao et al., 2018 | |
| FGF5 | BE | MI | 22/7/3 | 42.8% | 5 (22.7%) | 5+++ (100.0%) | Li et al., 2018b# |
N.A., not available; KO, knockout; M-KO, multiplex knockout; KI, knockin; PM, point mutation (using HDR); BE, base editing; MI, microinjection; SCNT, somatic cell nuclear transfer; *(MSTN, myostatin also known as GDF8 growth differentiation factor 8; ASIP, agouti-signaling protein; BCO2, β-carotene oxygenase 2; FGF5, fibroblast growth factor 5; BMPR-1B “FecB”, bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 1B “Booroola fecundity gene FecBB mutation”; AANAT, arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase or SANT serotonin N-acetyltransferase; ASMT, acetylserotonin methyltransferase; tGFP, turbo green fluorescent protein; CFTR, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator; ALPL, alkaline phosphatase biomineralization associated; SOCS2, suppressor of cytokine signaling 2; BLG, β-lactoglobulin; GDF9, growth differentiation factor 9; EDAR, ectodysplasin receptor); *indicates to the full names (in the table legend) of the used gene abbreviations in this column. **pregnancy rate (%) = no. of pregnancies/no. of recipients; ***birth rate (%) = no. of obtained founders/no. of transferred embryos; ****targeting efficiency (%) = no. of mutated founders/no. of obtained founders; +alive and dead; ++total number of the obtained mutated founders whether they carry mutations in a single gene or in more than one gene; +++the founders might be mutated but not all of them only show the defined point mutation. #Models generated by our research team.