Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of GECOH Study Population
| Variable | All Study Participants (n = 382) | No PA (n = 364) | PA (n = 18) | P Valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 50.3 ± 14.9 | 50.3 ± 15.1 | 48.9 ± 9.3 | 0.543 |
| Women, % | 56.3 | 56.6 | 50.0 | 0.582 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 28.7 ± 5.7 | 28.7 ± 5.7 | 28.7 ± 6.1 | 0.984 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 155 ± 22 | 154 ± 22 | 177 ± 22 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 96 ± 33 | 96 ± 34 | 107 ± 13 | 0.235 |
| Aldosterone, ng/dL | 16.1 (11.9–23.3) | 15.7 (11.6–22.0) | 41.6 (25.9–59.8) | <0.001 |
| Renin, µU/mL | 13.4 (6.6–30.6) | 14.9 (7.4–33.0) | 3.2 (2.5–5.8) | <0.001 |
| Baseline AARR, ng/dL/µU/mL | 1.15 (0.47–2.39) | 1.06 (0.45–2.12) | 9.35 (6.24–15.95) | <0.001 |
| Second AARR, ng/dL/µU/mL | 1.47 (0.64–3.17) | 1.38 (0.57–2.57) | 10.48 (6.97–13.58) | <0.001 |
| Aldosterone after SIT, ng/dL | 5.6 (4.2–7.9) | 5.3 (4.0–7.2) | 20.7 (14.8–43.0) | <0.001 |
| Serum potassium, mmol/L | 3.9 ± 0.4 | 3.9 ± 0.4 | 3.1 ± 0.4 | <0.001 |
| Serum potassium < 3.5 mmol/L, % | 12.3 | 9.1 | 77.8 | <0.001 |
| Serum sodium, mmol/L | 141 ± 2 | 141 ± 2 | 144 ± 2 | <0.001 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.92 ± 0.51 | 0.92 ± 0.52 | 0.92 ± 0.23 | 0.989 |
| eGFR-MDRD, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 80.4 ± 18.0 | 80.4 ± 18.0 | 80.5 ± 18.4 | 0.984 |
| PTH, pg/mL | 48.6 ± 20.7 | 47.2 ± 19.2 | 75.4 ± 31.6 | 0.002 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 90 (84–100) | 90 (83–99) | 90 (86–109) | 0.386 |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | 36 (33–39) | 36 (33–39) | 34 (34–40) | 0.926 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 61 ± 19 | 61 ± 19 | 58 ± 23 | 0.492 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 119 ± 31 | 119 ± 31 | 113 ± 19 | 0.258 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 103 (74–146) | 103 (73–146) | 125 (78–154) | 0.678 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/dL | 1.8 (1.0–3.9) | 1.8 (1.0–3.9) | 2.8 (1.1–5.3) | 0.299 |
| No. of antihypertensive drugs | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 4 (2–4) | 0.002 |
| ACE inhibitors, % | 34.6 | 35.2 | 22.2 | 0.318 |
| Angiotensin-2–receptor blockers, % | 24.9 | 24.2 | 38.9 | 0.159 |
| Calcium-channel blockers, % | 35.9 | 34.1 | 72.2 | 0.001 |
| β-blockers, % | 53.7 | 52.7 | 72.2 | 0.106 |
| Diuretics, % | 27.5 | 27.2 | 33.3 | 0.569 |
| Thiazide diuretics, % | 32.7 | 32.4 | 38.9 | 0.568 |
| Loop diuretics, % | 1.8 | 1.9 | 0 | 1.000 |
| NSAIDs, % | 11.5 | 11.8 | 5.6 | 0.707 |
Continuous data are presented as mean ±SD or as median with interquartile range. Categorical data are presented as percentages.
Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; BMI, body mass index; eGFR-MDRD, estimated glomerular filtration rate calculated according to the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease criteria; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
a
P value for paired Student t test for continuous variables and for χ2 or Fisher exact test for categorical variables comparing patients with PA vs no PA.