TABLE 2.
Baseline health measures and proportions of participants with suboptimal biomarker levels by MDEΔ tertile (n = 99)1
| Characteristic | Entire sample (n = 99) | Tertile 1 (n = 33) | Tertile 2 (n = 33) | Tertile 3 (n = 33) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMI, kg/m2 | ||||
| Mean (min, max) | 27.3 (18.1, 43.8) | 28.3 (19.7, 42.3) | 27.3 (18.7, 43.8) | 26.4 (18.1, 40.9) |
| % above optimal (≥25 m/kg2) | 65.7 | 69.7 | 63.6 | 63.6 |
| Body fat percentage2 | ||||
| Mean (min, max) | 34.0 (7.2, 56.7) | 35.5 (16.7, 56.7) | 34.6 (14.6, 55.2) | 32.0 (7.2, 46.1) |
| % above optimal (age and sex specific) | 70.1 | 66.7 | 75.0 | 68.8 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | ||||
| Mean (min, max) | 184.1 (103.0, 275.0) | 183.5 (114.0, 275.0) | 184.4 (103.0, 247.0) | 184.5 (128.0, 251.0) |
| % above optimal (≥200 mg/dL) | 28.3 | 30.3 | 30.3 | 24.2 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL3 | ||||
| Mean (min, max) | 109.0 (49.0, 189.8) | 110.7 (53.2, 189.8) | 106.3 (49.0, 159.2) | 110.1 (55.6, 179.0) |
| % above optimal (≥100 mg/dL) | 58.2 | 59.4 | 60.6 | 54.5 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | ||||
| Mean (min, max) | 55.3 (18.0, 98.0) | 53.5 (28.0, 84.0) | 57.1 (18.0, 98.0) | 55.4 (20.0, 84.0) |
| % below optimal [≤40 (men) or ≤50 (women)] | 23.5 | 25.0 | 27.3 | 18.2 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | ||||
| Mean (min, max) | 99.2 (45.0, 271.0) | 97.7 (45.0, 271.0) | 104.5 (45.0, 261.0) | 95.4 (45.0, 253.0) |
| % above optimal (≥100 mg/dL) | 35.4 | 36.4 | 42.4 | 27.3 |
| Total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol | ||||
| Mean (min, max) | 3.7 (2.0, 9.4) | 3.7 (2.1, 6.8) | 3.6 (2.0, 7.5) | 3.8 (2.0, 9.4) |
| % above optimal (≥4.5) | 19.2 | 24.2 | 18.2 | 15.2 |
| Glucose, mg/dL | ||||
| Mean (min, max) | 94.3 (68.0, 166.0) | 93.5 (68.0, 116.0) | 94.2 (80.0, 166.0) | 95.2 (68.0, 156.0) |
| % above optimal (≥100 mg/dL) | 29.3 | 36.4 | 24.2 | 27.3 |
| Insulin, μU/mL4 | ||||
| Mean (min, max) | 10.0 (1.6, 99.3) | 8.4 (2.8, 26.2) | 13.3 (1.6, 99.3) | 8.4 (2.1, 24.9) |
| % above optimal (≥12 μU/mL) | 18.1 | 10.7 | 18.5 | 25.0 |
| HOMA-IR4 | ||||
| Mean (min, max) | 2.5 (0.3, 27.5) | 2.0 (0.5, 7.5) | 3.5 (0.3, 27.5) | 2.1 (0.4, 7.1) |
| % above optimal (≥2.5) | 24.1 | 25.0 | 22.2 | 25.0 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/L5 | ||||
| Mean (min, max) | 1.4 (0.1, 4.9) | 1.5 (0.1, 4.9) | 1.3 (0.1, 4.2) | 1.5 (0.1, 4.9) |
| % above optimal (>3 mg/L) | 10.1 | 15.4 | 10.3 | 7.4 |
1Optimal ranges based on standard reference values for BMI (10); total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol (11–13); triglycerides (14); glucose (15); insulin (16, 17); and HOMA-IR (18–20). To convert mg/dL to mmol/L, multiply total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol by 0.0259; triglycerides by 0.0113; and glucose by 0.056. To convert mg/dL to mmol/L, multiply total, LDL, or HDL cholesterol by 0.0259; triglycerides by 0.0113; and glucose by 0.055. HOMA-IR = glucose (mg/dL) × insulin (μU/mL)/405; MDEΔ, change in servings of meat, dairy, and eggs.
2Excluding 1 individual in tertile 2 and 1 individual in tertile 3 with missing body fat measurements at 1 or both time points.
3Excluding 1 individual in tertile 2 with an unreliable LDL measurement at the Lenten follow-up due to triglycerides >400 mg/dL.
4Excluding 5 individuals in tertile 1, 6 individuals in tertile 2, and 5 individuals in tertile 3 with missing insulin measures at 1 or both time points.
5Excluding 7 individuals in tertile 1, 4 individuals in tertile 2, and 6 individuals in tertile 3 with missing C-reactive protein measures or inconsistent use of anti-inflammatory medication.