Table 4.
Global and regional economic losses due to mortality, cognitive losses and total attributable to not breastfeeding by region and by country income group
| Economic losses attributable to not breastfeeding | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Due to child mortality (US$ b) | Due to maternal mortality (US$ b) | Due to cognitive losses (US$ b) | Total cost (health, mortality and cognitive) (US$ b) | Total cost as % of GNI | |
| East Asia and Pacific | 10.39 (2.71, 49.67) | 0.66 (0.55, 0.80) | 74.76 (19.46, 357.66) | 86.12 (23.04, 408.45) | 0.59 (0.16, 2.78) |
| Europe and Central Asia | 1.35 (0.35, 6.38) | 0.25 (0.21, 0.29) | 14.76 (3.86, 70.15) | 16.27 (4.37, 76.71) | 0.42 (0.11, 1.97) |
| Middle East and North Africa | 3.76 (0.98, 17.99) | 0.03 (0.03, 0.04) | 18.65 (4.85, 89.38) | 22.57 (5.98, 107.54) | 0.91 (0.24, 4.32) |
| Latin America and Caribbean | 4.08 (1.07, 19.35) | 0.28 (0.23, 0.34) | 32.25 (8.41, 154.02) | 36.85 (9.94, 173.95) | 0.70 (0.19, 3.32) |
| North America | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 114.94 (29.87, 551.37) | 114.97 (29.90, 551.40) | 0.63 (0.16, 3.04) |
| South Asia | 10.58 (2.75, 50.59) | 0.02 (0.02, 0.02) | 11.73 (3.05, 56.12) | 22.49 (5.99, 106.90) | 0.84 (0.22, 3.99) |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 23.56 (6.59, 101.00) | 0.02 (0.01, 0.02) | 18.31 (5.05, 80.05) | 42.06 (11.82, 181.25) | 2.58 (0.72, 11.11) |
| Low and middle income | 53.57 (14.41, 244.27) | 1.08 (0.90, 1.30) | 162.55 (42.62, 769.48) | 218.27 (59.01, 1, 016.13) | 0.83 (0.22, 3.86) |
| High income | 0.15 (0.04, 0.71) | 0.18 (0.15, 0.22) | 122.84 (31.92, 589.28) | 123.06 (32.03, 590.06) | 0.25 (0.06, 1.20) |
| Upper-middle income | 14.44 (3.81, 67.79) | 0.95 (0.80, 1.16) | 114.07 (29.74, 544.54) | 130.07 (34.95, 614.10) | 0.65 (0.17, 3.07) |
| Lower-middle income | 35.19 (9.53, 158.64) | 0.12 (0.10, 0.14) | 44.73 (11.88, 207.87) | 80.47 (21.94, 367.09) | 1.36 (0.37, 6.20) |
| Low income | 3.95 (1.07, 17.83) | 0.01 (0.00, 0.01) | 3.74 (1.01, 17.07) | 7.73 (2.12, 34.95) | 1.99 (0.54, 8.98) |
| Total | 53.72 (14.45, 244.99) | 1.26 (1.06, 1.52) | 285.39 (74.55, 1, 358.75) | 341.33 (91.04, 1, 606.19) | 0.70 (0.19, 3.29) |
(1) Default scenario (not in parentheses) based on discount rate on benefits of 3% and long-term GDP growth rate assumption of 3%. Figures in parentheses are lower and higher bound estimates based on assumptions of 1.5% discount rate on benefits and 5% long-term GDP growth rate for the figure on the left and 5% discount rate on benefits and 1.5% long-term GDP growth rate for the figure on the right.