Table 1.
DAXX interacting proteins
| DAXX-binding proteins | Method of study | Functions | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| FAS | Y2H, Co-IP | Apoptosis | (4) |
| CENP-C | Y2H, IF | Centromere maintenance and cell death | (197) |
| CENP-B | Co-IP, IF | H3.3 deposition at the centromeres | (198) |
| ATRX | Co-IP, IF, gel filtration chromatography, crystallography | Chromatin remodeling, transcription repression, H3.3 deposition | (22,27,28,32,199) |
| ASK1 (MAP3K5) | Co-IP | ASK1 activation and apoptosis | (5,176) |
| RIPK3 | Co-IP | DAXX phosphorylation at Ser-668 and cell death | (113) |
| HIPK1 | Co-IP, GST pulldown, IF | DAXX phosphorylation, DAXX nuclear export, apoptosis | (92,178) |
| HIPK2 | Co-IP, GST pulldown, IF | DAXX phosphorylation, JNK activation, apoptosis | (109) |
| HIPK3 | Co-IP | DAXX phosphorylation | (200) |
| PML | Co-IP, Y2H, IF | Apoptosis, transcriptional regulation | (11,12,121,122) |
| SUMOs | Y2H, IF, Co-IP, GST pull-down | DAXX localization to PML body, transcriptional regulation | (6,11,14,38,201) |
| UBC9 (UBE2I) | Y2H, Co-IP, GST pulldown | Not determined | (6,201) |
| TGFβRII | Y2H, GST pulldown, Co-IP | TGFβ-induced apoptosis | (108) |
| DAPK3 (ZIPK) | Co-IP | Apoptosis through PML-NBs | (114) |
| AXIN | Y2H, Co-IP | p53 activation and apoptosis | (117) |
| HSP27 | Y2H, Co-IP, GST pulldown | Cell survival | (202) |
| TOLLIP | Y2H, IF, GST pulldown | Not determined | (203) |
| DJ-1 (PARK7) | Y2H, Co-IP, GST pulldown | Inhibits DAXX export to the cytoplasm, protects against DAXX/ASK1-induced cell death | (101) |
| PIN1 | GST pull-down, Co-IP, IF | Cell survival, DAXX degradation | (103) |
| cFLIPL | Co-IP | Inhibits JNK activation | (95) |
| FTH1 | Y2H, Co-IP, GST pull-down | Inhibits apoptosis | (204) |
| CRM1 | Co-IP | DAXX nuclear export | (94) |
| TSG101 | Co-IP | Transcription repression | (205) |
| PDCD4 | Co-IP, GST pulldown | DAXX degradation | (118) |
| PIAS1 | IF | Promotes ultraviolet (UV)-induced apoptosis | (120) |
| PTEN | Co-IP | Represses oncogene expression | (60) |
| p53, p73, p63 | Y2H, Co-IP, GST pulldown, NMR | Cell death/survival | (116,117,25,47,206) |
| ETS1 | Y2H, GST pulldown, IF | Transcription repression | (139) |
| Pax3 | Y2H, Co-IP | Represses PAX3-mediated transcription | (9) |
| Pax7 | Y2H | Not determined | (9) |
| Pax5 | Y2H, Co-IP, GST pulldown | Transcription repression or activation | (142) |
| RELB (NF-κB) | Co-IP | Transcription repression | (207) |
| RELA (p65) (NF-κB) | Co-IP, GST pulldown | Inhibits p65 acetylation and transactivation | (141) |
| HSF1 | Y2H, Co-IP | Activates HSF1-mediated transcription | (143) |
| SMAD4 | Y2H, Co-IP | SUMOylation-dependent transcription repression | (111) |
| SNAI2 (Slug) | Co-IP | Suppresses SNAI2-mediated gene repression and inhibits metastasis | (87) |
| AIRE | Y2H, Co-IP, IF | Represses AIRE-mediated transcription | (208) |
| DNMT1 | Y2H, Co-IP | Transcription repression, promoter methylation | (170,205) |
| DNMT3a | Co-IP | Not determined | (170) |
| DMAP1 | Y2H, Co-IP, IF | Transcription repression | (205) |
| HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 | Co-IP, GST pulldown | Transcription repression | (12,13) |
| CBP | Co-IP | Represses or activates CBP-dependent transcription | (140,142) |
| AR | Y2H, Co-IP, GST pulldown | Inhibits AR-mediated transcription | (64) |
| GR | Y2H, GST pulldown | Transcription repression | (209,210) |
| MR | Y2H | Transcription repression | (210) |
| TCF7L2 (TCF4) | Y2H, Co-IP | Transcription repression or activation | (145,53,144) |
| STAT3 | GST pulldown | Represses STAT3-mediated transcription | (211) |
| Histone H3.3/core histones | Co-IP, GST pulldown, crystallography | Histone chaperone | (13,19,20,26,212) |
| DEK | Co-IP | Not determined | (13) |
| BRG1 | Co-IP | Not determined | (33) |
| MENIN | Co-IP | Gene repression and tumor suppression | (213) |
| MSP58 (MCRS1) | Y2H, GST pulldown, Co-IP, IF | DAXX nucleolar localization, reversal of DAXX-mediated gene repression | (214) |
| MDM2 | Co-IP, NMR | Promotes p53 ubiquitination and degradation | (25,47,148) |
| RASSF1A | Co-IP | Disrupts DAXX-MDM2-USP7 complex and promotes MDM2 degradation | (66) |
| RASSF1C | Co-IP, NMR | RASSF1C nuclear sequestration | (25,136) |
| CDC20 | Co-IP | Inhibits mitotic progression | (51) |
| CDH1 | Co-IP | Inhibits mitotic progression | (51) |
| MAD2 | Co-IP | Not determined | (51) |
| BUBR1 | Co-IP | Not determined | (51) |
| CHIP (STUB1) | Co-IP | DAXX ubiquitination; inhibition of p53-mediated apoptosis | (184) |
| TRIM21 (Ro52) | Y2H, Co-IP, IF | DAXX cytoplasmic localization | (215) |
| GLUT4 | Y2H, Co-IP | Not determined | (216) |
| Viral proteins that interact with DAXX | |||
| E1B 55-kDa (HAdV) | Y2H, Co-IP, IF | Relocation of DAXX from PML-NBs | (57) |
| Protein VI (HAdV) | Co-IP, IF | Inhibits DAXX-mediated repression of viral gene expression | (217) |
| LANA (KSHV) | Co-IP, IF, GST pulldown | Inhibits DAXX-mediated transcriptional repression | (218) |
| BNRF1 (EBV) | Co-IP, gel filtration chromatography | Reverses DAXX/ATRX-mediated repression of viral gene expression; promotes latent viral gene expression | (169,219,220) |
| pp71 (HCMV) | Y2H, Co-IP, IF | Inhibits DAXX-mediated repression of viral gene expression | (221,222) |
| L2 (HPV) | Co-IP, IF | Blocks PML-NB-mediated repression of viral gene expression | (223,224) |
| Integrase (ASV, HIV) | Y2H, Co-IP, IF, GST pulldown | Represses viral gene expression | (159,162) |
| DENVC (Dengue virus) | Co-IP | Induces apoptosis | (166) |
| PUUV-N (Hantavirus) | Y2H, Co-IP, IF, GST pulldown | Not determined | (225) |
Abbreviations: ASV: avian sarcoma virus; Co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; EBV: Epstein Barr virus; GST: glutathione S transferase; HAdV: human adenovirus; HCMV: human cytomegalovirus; HPV: human papillomavirus; IF: immunofluorescence; KSHV: Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus; LANA: latency-associated nuclear antigen; NMR: nuclear magnetic resonance; Y2H: yeast two-hybrid assay