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. 2019 Aug 29;125(6):609–627. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.119.314930

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© 2019 The Authors.

Circulation Research is published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 7. — Leading-driver regions seem stable in the long-term. A, One pig underwent a successful first ablation procedure after which atrial fibrillation (AF) burden was temporally reduced to 0%. Driver areas not ablated in the first procedure remained as key regions in a second procedure >4 mo after resuming high-rate atrial pacing, and >3 mo after reaching self-sustained persistent AF again. Also, a new region with consistent high median values of instantaneous frequency modulation (iFM_median) outliers was found in the posterior left atrium. After a total radiofrequency delivery of 19.8 min, AF was rendered nonsustainable. B, One pig underwent 2 mapping procedures 78 d apart. Note that leading-driver regions, although less electrically remodeled in the first mapping procedure (lower iFM_median values), were roughly similar. Online Figures XXIII and XXIV show signals from the marked locations (*).