Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Study Subjects
| Baseline Characteristics | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | ASAP | AP | Sig. | Anlong Veng | Kratie | Sig. | Total |
| Total, No. | 102 | 103 | 157 | 48 | 205 | ||
| Male sex, No. (%) | 99 (97.1) | 100 (97.1) | 0.990 | 152 (96.8) | 47 (97.9) | 0.692 | 199 (97.1) |
| Age, mean (IQR), y | 31.2 (16) | 29.4 (15) | 0.180 | 30.1 (14) | 30.8 (16) | 0.652 | 30.3 (14) |
| Age, median (IQR), y | 28.0 (16) | 28.0 (15) | 0.275 | 28 (14) | 28 (16) | 0.951 | 28 (14) |
| Khmer ethnicity, No. (%) | 102 (100) | 103 (100) | - | 157 (100) | 48 (100) | - | 205 (100) |
| Occupation, No. (%) | |||||||
| Farmer | 94 (92.2) | 97 (94.2) | 0.567 | 145 (92.4) | 46 (95.8) | 0.403 | 191 (93.2) |
| Military | 7 (6.9) | 5 (4.9) | 0.540 | 12 (7.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0.048 | 12 (5.8) |
| Other | 1 (1.0) | 1 (1.0) | 0.994 | 0 (0.0) | 2 (4.2) | 0.010 | 2 (1.0) |
| Weight, mean (SD), kg | 56.0 (7.1) | 55.1 (6.5) | 0.337 | 55.6 (6.7) | 55.4 (7.0) | 0.862 | 55.6 (6.8) |
| Body mass index, No. (%) | |||||||
| Underweight <18.5 kg/m2 | 9 (8.8) | 13 (12.6) | 0.380 | 14 (8.9) | 8 (16.7) | 0.129 | 22 (10.7) |
| Normal 18.5–24.9 kg/m2 | 88 (86.3) | 87 (84.5) | 0.714 | 138 (87.9) | 37 (77.1) | 0.064 | 175 (85.4) |
| Overweight 25–29.9 kg/m2 | 5 (4.9) | 3 (2.9) | 0.462 | 5 (3.2) | 3 (6.3) | 0.337 | 8 (3.9) |
| Symptoms, No. (%) | |||||||
| Fever | 101 (99.0) | 103 (100) | 0.314 | 156 (99.4) | 48 (100) | 0.579 | 204 (99.5) |
| Headache | 99 (97.1) | 103 (100) | 0.080 | 155 (98.7) | 47 (97.9) | 0.683 | 202 (98.5) |
| Muscle aches | 62 (60.8) | 61 (59.2) | 0.820 | 103 (65.6) | 20 (41.7) | 0.003 | 123 (60.0) |
| Chills | 85 (83.3) | 85 (82.5) | 0.878 | 124 (79.0) | 46 (95.8) | 0.007 | 170 (82.9) |
| Abdominal pain | 26 (25.5) | 30 (29.1) | 0.559 | 51 (32.5) | 5 (10.4) | 0.003 | 56 (27.3) |
| Dizziness | 18 (17.6) | 24 (23.3) | 0.316 | 27 (17.2) | 15 (31.3) | 0.035 | 42 (20.5) |
| Fatigue | 20 (19.6) | 18 (17.5) | 0.694 | 26 (16.6) | 12 (25.0) | 0.188 | 38 (18.5) |
| Nausea | 11 (10.8) | 11 (10.7) | 0.981 | 12 (7.6) | 10 (20.8) | 0.010 | 22 (10.7) |
| Vomit | 1 (1.0) | 2 (1.9) | 0.567 | 2 (1.3) | 1 (2.1) | 0.683 | 3 (1.5) |
| Diarrhea | 1 (1.0) | 1 (1.0) | 0.994 | 2 (1.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.432 | 2 (1.0) |
| Anorexia | 1 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.314 | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.1) | 0.070 | 1 (1.0) |
| Temperature, mean (SD), ℃ | 37.9 (0.8) | 37.7 (0.9) | 0.124 | 37.8 (0.8) | 38.0 (1.0) | 0.138 | 37.8 (0.8) |
| Duration of fever, median (IQR), d | 2 (1) | 2 (1) | 0.542 | 2 (2) | 3 (1) | 0.000 | 2 (1) |
| History of previous malaria episode, No. (%) | 64 (62.7) | 71 (68.9) | 0.350 | 114 (72.6) | 21 (43.8) | 0.000 | 135 (65.9) |
| History of malaria medication, No. (%) | |||||||
| ≥1–<2 wk | 1 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.314 | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.1) | 0.070 | 1 (0.5) |
| ≥2–<4 wk | 2 (2.0) | 10 (9.7) | 0.018 | 12 (7.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0.048 | 12 (5.9) |
| ≥1–<3 mo | 33 (32.4) | 42 (40.8) | 0.211 | 59 (37.6) | 16 (33.3) | 0.593 | 75 (36.6) |
| ≥3–<6 mo | 12 (11.8) | 12 (11.7) | 0.980 | 23 (14.6) | 1 (2.1) | 0.018 | 24 (11.7) |
| ≥6–<12 mo | 16 (15.7) | 7 (6.8) | 0.044 | 20 (12.7) | 3 (6.3) | 0.213 | 23 (11.2) |
| Hepatomegaly, No. (%) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.0) | 0.318 | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0.579 | 1 (0.5) |
| Splenomegaly, No. (%) | 1 (1.0) | 1 (1.0) | 0.994 | 1 (0.6) | 1 (2.1) | 0.372 | 2 (1.0) |
| Parasitemia, geomean (5, 95 centiles), /µL | 7700.1 (909, 62921) | 7730.8 (832, 93188) | 0.259 | 7491.8 (841, 76661) | 8494.9 (310, 88519) | 0.168 | 7715.5 (832, 76661) |
| Parasite density group, No. (%) | |||||||
| <1000/µL | 8 (7.8) | 9 (8.7) | 0.816 | 12 (7.6) | 5 (10.4) | 0.542 | 17 (8.3) |
| ≥1000 and ≤10 000/µL | 49 (48.0) | 53 (51.5) | 0.625 | 81 (51.6) | 21 (43.8) | 0.342 | 102 (49.8) |
| >10 000 and ≤100 000/µL | 45 (44.1) | 37 (35.9) | 0.231 | 61 (38.9) | 21 (43.8) | 0.545 | 82 (40.0) |
| >100 000/µL | 0 (0.0) | 4 (3.9) | 0.044 | 3 (1.9) | 1 (2.1) | 0.940 | 4 (1.9) |
| Presence of Pf gametocytes, No. (%) | 24 (23.5) | 18 (17.5) | 0.283 | 33 (21.0) | 9 (18.8) | 0.733 | 42 (20.5) |
| Creatinine clearance, mean (SD) | 94.1 (19.8) | 94.8 (18.9) | 0.785 | 96.9 (18.7) | 86.5 (19.4) | 0.001 | 94.5 (19.3) |
| White cell count, median (IQR), ×103/µL | 6.1 (3.4) | 6.5 (2.6) | 0.368 | 6.5 (2.8) | 6.1 (3.1) | 0.084 | 6.4 (2.9) |
| Red cell count, median (IQR), ×106/µL | 4.7 (0.9) | 4.9 (0.9) | 0.043 | 4.8 (0.8) | 5.1 (0.9) | 0.004 | 4.8 (0.8) |
| Hemoglobin, mean (SD), g/dL | 12.7 (1.6) | 13.0 (1.7) | 0.203 | 12.8 (1.6) | 13.3 (1.7) | 0.031 | 12.9 (1.6) |
| Hematocrit, mean (SD) | 37.8 (4.6) | 38.7 (4.8) | 0.161 | 37.4 (4.4) | 41.0 (4.7) | 0.000 | 38.2 (4.7) |
| Platelet count, median (IQR), ×103/µL | 139 (62) | 143 (70) | 0.929 | 147 (65) | 128 (62) | 0.004 | 141 (66) |
| Absolute neutrophil count, median (IQR), ×103/µL | 4.0 (2.8) | 4.2 (2.9) | 0.556 | 4.3 (2.9) | 3.6 (2.8) | 0.154 | 4.2 (2.8) |
| G6PD deficiency, No. (%) | 12 (11.8) | 17 (16.5) | 0.330 | 25 (15.9) | 4 (8.3) | 0.187 | 29 (14.1) |
Abbreviations: AP, atovaquone-proguanil; ASAP, artesunate-atovaquone-proguanil; IQR, interquartile range. Bolded text refers to statistically significant results.