Table 4.
Association of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Viral Loads With Type-Specific HPV Prevalence and Clearance Within an Individual at the Next Visit, and With Type-Specific HPV Prevalence, Incidence, and Clearance in Genital Samples of Their Heterosexual Partners at the Same or Next Visit
| HPV Prevalence | HPV Incidence | HPV Clearance | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | HPV Viral Load, Tertilesa | Individual | Partner | Partner | Individual | Partner | |||
| At Next Visit | At Same Visit | At Next Visit | At Same Visit | At Next Visit | At Next Visit | At Same Visit | At Next Visit | ||
| Men | Low | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| Medium | 5.0*** (2.2–11.6) | 1.6 (.8–3.0) | 1.6 (.8–3.1) | 0.8 (.2–3.1) | 1.5 (.4–6.0) | 0.2*** (.1–0.5) | 2.2 (.3–18.5) | 1.0 (.3–3.0) | |
| High | 4.6*** (2.0–10.5) | 5.3*** (2.5–11.2) | 1.2 (.6–2.5) | 6.7* (1.5–30.7) | 1.1 (.2–5.4) | 0.2** (.1–.5) | 0.3 (.0–4.0) | 1.5 (.5–4.4) | |
| Women | Low | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| Medium | 1.1 (.5–2.4) | 0.9 (.4–2.2) | 1.1 (.4–2.6) | 3.1 (.4–24.8) | 2.2 (.0–136.4) | 0.9 (.4–2.0) | 3.2 (.3–38.1) | 1.1 (.3–4.1) | |
| High | 1.2 (.5–2.7) | 5.9*** (2.2–15.5) | 4.7** (1.5–14.6) | 8.6 (.5–159.2) | 206.1 (.1–633 888) | 0.7 (.3–1.5) | 0.2 (.0–7.0) | 0.5 (.1–2.0) | |
Data are presented as odds ratios (95% confidence intervals), calculated using multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression, adjusting for repeated measurements.
Abbreviation: HPV, human papillomavirus.
aTertiles were defined per HPV type, by sex, and by visit; eg, a man with an HPV-16–positive genital sample at visit 1 was considered to have a medium viral load if his viral load was above the 33rd but below the 67th percentile of all detected viral loads for HPV-16 in male genital samples at the first visit.
*P < .05.
**P < .01.
***P < .001.